Authority-task problems are organizational problems created by inconsistencies between the task process system and both the authority system and the formal hierarchy of offices. A new theory is used to develop a model that predicts how an administrator responds to an authority-task problem. (Author/IRT)

Systematic methods are needed for studying group development over time. The method described here permits interpretive description of a group session, useful both for feedback to the group and for further study of group processes. (Author)

Sources of variation in two measures of ethnic-group cohension are explored. The general model of the breakdown of ethnic-group cohension suggested by an older literature is not supported. A relatively simple model develops in which formal education plays a dominant role." (Author)

This article reviews the major concerns of group counseling and differentiates among group guidance, group counseling, and group therapy. It also evaluates the research status of group counseling and presents implications for the future of this approach. Comment by Carl E. Thoresen follows. (Author)

Incremental guidance, as a method of assisting pupils in everyday decision making, is examined through a sequentially planned program that anticipates individual needs and provides aid through marginal changes. Comments by Robert Hoppock follow. (Author/CJ)

Results indicated that, with regard to opinions, a minority of one was less effective than either a minority of two or a minority of one who gained a convert. Evaluations of minorities differed as a function of both size and sex of minority group members. (Subjects were 200 males and females enrolled in an introductory psychology course.)…

Focused on applying a variation of the semantic differential technique (SD) to changes in group structure over time and treatment. Members (N=29) of two T groups rated their respective group members on an SD form. Results showed acceptance of members increased as the groups progressed. (RC)

The performance of 43 library work groups was assessed by means of supervisor's ratings. Characteristics of the groups' tasks, membership, leadership, structure, and process were measured by averaging their members' responses to factor of the Work Group Survey. The implications for both organization theorists and change agents are discussed.…

Hypotheses linking positional power in bargaining networks to evaluations of self and others were supported: (1) persons in central exchange network positions evaluate themselves as feeling more pleasant and more exhilarated; and (2) central persons impute lower status and higher positive evaluations to peripheral positions. (Author)

Undergraduates in mixed-sex groups evaluated female-authored articles. Subjects in all-women groups did not show sex discrimination. Female subjects in mixed-sex groups endorsed more profeminist ideas. Participation in an all-women's group may elicit a more positive image of women. (Author)