Shows that use and effects of punishment are significantly altered by average levels of reward power and punishment power in power-dependence relationship. The power-balancing effect of punishment is most likely to occur when an actor lacking reward power has punishment power that is stronger in relation to the other actor's punishment power but…

Disciplinary measures based on social control produce prison-like schools that remain unsafe. Coercive strategies disrupt learning and foster an environment of mistrust and resistance. Humanizing the environment and encouraging responsibility and a sense of community are possible solutions. (SK)

The gender paradox of suicidal behavior is critically examined. Statistical data showing female predominance in nonfatal suicidal behavior and the question of male predominance in suicide mortality are studied with attention to possible reporting artifacts using World Health Organization data. Four theories on the gender paradox are reviewed and…

Compulsory mass schooling has its origins in social control, resulting in authoritarianism and violence against students in the form of punishment. Control, power, and authoritarianism are also linked to schools' role in fostering violent behavior among students. (Contains 44 references.) (SK)

Modern organizational changes purportedly intended to increase job satisfaction and reduce turnover are actually forms of social control. Analysis of data from 6,000 employees found that an unintended yet beneficial consequence of these changes is reduced sexual harassment. (Contains 60 references.) (SK)

In a response (in this issue of "Educational Researcher," p14-16) to this author's previous essay, "Rethinking Domination and Resistance: Challenging Postmodernism" ("Educational Researcher," Jan-Feb 2004), Samantha Caughlan argues that Aaron Schutz was incorrect in his description of the workings of oppression. In this article, Schutz responds to…

Criminologists have long recognized that retaliatory violence diffuses outward from discrete conflicts, often in contagion-like fashion. No understanding of the source of this spread is possible without first documenting the modalities that fuel it. Retaliation has variation, and it is important to catalog that variation if the concept of crime as…

In the following study, the authors examine factors that explain citizen participation in crime prevention activities in Boston. Using survey data from a random sample, census data, and official crime and arrest data, the authors identified a wide range of individual- and community-based indicators that could potentially explain citizen…

Despite declines in youth violence nationally in the past decade, incidence of youth violence and victimization--from assaults to homicide--continue to be pressing concerns in public safety and public health. Youth violence is also a particular concern for low-income, minority communities, where poverty, family instability, and unemployment…

This article draws on the suggestion that modern technology is "autonomous" in that our social control mechanisms are unable to control technology and instead merely adapt society to integrate new technologies. In this article, I suggest that common law judges tend systematically to support the integration of novel technologies into…

Background/Context: As a case study in minority language restriction, the German example provides a useful historical counterpoint to more recent debates regarding the place of non-English languages in American schools. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study and Research Design: This historical analysis examines the role of education…

This article analyzes the importance of extending literacy as both a historical and social construct for engaging the discourse of domination and for defining critical pedagogy as a form of cultural politics. Paulo Freire's Model of Emancipatory Literacy is discussed, and its implications for developing a radical pedagogy are explored. (MT)

Suggests that open interaction is exquisitely controlled social behavior, and groups employing it possess an impressive potential for social influence. These misrepresentations of the power of the activity and the group leader constitute a kind of mystification by the practitioner of himself or herself and his or her clientele. (Author/BL)

Categorized 43 homeless adolescents as being either runaways, throwaways, or societal rejects. Descriptive data support view that social control and psychopathology perspectives provide promise for understanding differing types of runaway adolescents. Sex differences between runaway and throwaway youths were observed; few sex x type of homeless…

Several factors are diluting the potential significance of aesthetic experience within schools. If teacher educators can help student teachers understand the value of aesthetic experience for themselves and their students, the viability of arts within the public schools may be ensured. (MT)