The generalizability of the Fishbein model for behavior prediction was extended to a new field of behavior, alcohol drinking by adolescents. This research investigated the predictive importance of the model's two components, attitudes and normative beliefs. (Editor/RK)

Two experiments were performed in the naturalistic setting of a preschool classroom in order to assess the effects on children's social behavior of nonevaluative teacher attention to the children's cooperative or aggressive speech. (Author/JMB)

Clarifies several ambiguities concerning the manner in which persons combine behavioral information and information about others' opinions to infer the beliefs held by themselves and others. (Author/RK)

Assesses systematically the opinions of indigenous people about the writings of social scientists in an effort to change their negative opinions of requests made by social scientists conducting research studies in their cultures. Available from: International Journal of Intercultural Relations, Transaction Periodicals Consortium, Rutgers-The State…

Reports two experiments designed to determine if (1) low-performing blacks would be evaluated lower than comparable whites while high-performing blacks would be rated higher than white counterparts, and (2) perceived social class, not race, would be the relevant variable in the operation of the stereotype confirmation - contrast process. Available…

Defines the "branching format" of training materials as materials not requiring an absolute judgement of appropriateness of alternatives and the "linear format" as materials requiring an independent evaluation of each alternative. Tests these contrasting formats for effectiveness in cross cultural training programs. Available from: International…

Family communication patterns and individual levels of dogmatism were found to influence the dogmatism attributed to television characters. (KS)

Assessed the self-concept level of physical education and recreation students on the Willoughby Schedule. Compared with original Willoughby Schedule validation and Hestand, Howard and Gregory replication data, the study population of physical education and recreation students had significantly more positive self-concept scores. (Author/KS)

Educationally relevant conceptions of motivation are difficult to establish. A research based model of motivational processes can show how goals for cognitive tasks shape reactions to success and failure and how they influence the quality of cognitive performance. This model can aid in designing programs to change maladaptive motivational…

Examining cognitive changes in alcoholics in treatment and nonalcoholics after alcohol cue exposure. Alcoholics responded to alcohol cues with reports of increased physical symptoms, decreased confidence about coping with future temptation, and increased guilt. Findings suggest that alcoholics in high-risk relapse situations experience an increase…

Reviews research on the possible roles that errors might play in learning to read. Contrasts a productive view of errors with the view that errors are problematic to instruction, stating that the two are compatible. Concludes that errors can have both a generative and an inhibiting function depending upon instructional conditions. (GEA)

Differences in agreement between observers and analysts of naturalistic narrative data cause problems in observation research. This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of several possible solutions. (Author/GDC)

Advantages and disadvantages of three analytic methods are discussed. A hypothetical data set is employed to make the discussion complete. It is suggested that commonality analysis can be usefully employed in research studies in education, particularly when aptitute-treatment interaction studies are involved. (Author/LMO)

The construction and refinement of the Yale Children's Inventory (YCI) is described, resulting in 11 scales (eight behavioral and three cognitive). The relationship and content of the three relevant YCI scales (attention, impulsivity, hyperactivity) are compared to the DSM-III (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual) diagnostic categories for attention…

Comments on the preceding discussion of locus of control in Japanese and American cultures (Weisz et al.). Discusses yielding, as one of many coping styles, to demonstrate the heterogeneity of secondary control. Asserts that dichotomizing secondary and primary control, rather than seeking differentiation within a single category, itself reflects a…