Examined impact of caregiving among 110 caregivers to aging family member with Alzheimer's disease. Family caregivers' appraisals along dimensions of subjective burden, negative impact, caregiving satisfaction, and caregiver mastery were correlated with extent of memory and behavior problems of patient and caregivers' coping style, locus of…

The performance of reading-disabled, math-disabled, slow-learning, under-achieving, and normal-achieving children (total n=143) was compared on verbal and visual-spatial working memory measures under initial, gain, and maintenance testing conditions. Ability group classifications changed under dynamic testing conditions. The study demonstrated the…

Reviews the literature on the relationship between schooling, IQ, and the cognitive processes presumed to underpin IQ. The data suggest the importance of quantity of schooling for IQ. Schooling fosters the development of cognitive processes that underpin performance on IQ tests. This development is unrelated to the quality of schools. (BC)

Examined misinformation effects in kindergartners' and second graders' long-term recollection. Results of two experiments showed that (1) misinformation effects were related to rate of forgetting but not to age; (2) developmental differences in retention were controlled by forgetting; and (3) reminiscence increased the probability of correct…

Eighty Navajo-speaking students, aged 8-10, were administered free recall word lists in Navajo or English using a multitrial assessment format. Recall rates were higher in Trials 1 and 2 for those receiving Navajo words than for those receiving English words, but there were no differences on later trials. Contains 27 references. (SV)

Thirty-seven second, 41 fourth, and 46 sixth graders were tested on low-level subcomponents of reading efficiency and high-level text comprehension to assess the relationship between the two parameters. High-level comprehension does not depend on efficiency of lexical access processes, but verbal memory span is important in high-level…

The question of memory-based processing when transfer is delayed was addressed for 181 college students in a transfer-for-training paradigm. Results indicate that the use of a general and a specific schema for retrieval when memory-based processing is required to demonstrate transfer in a problem domain. (SLD)

Forty postsecondary students who were deaf were required to recall lists of eight words. Students with higher levels of English language proficiency recalled significantly more than those with lower levels. Semantic pairing aided the low-level group more than the high-level group, whereas syntactic organization aided the high-level group more.…

A model of relationships among the cognitive components of working memory, representation, metacognition, and performance implicated in the acquisition and transfer of the LOGO computer language was developed and tested with 48 second graders. The respective contributions of each component vary with the transfer task. (SLD)

Study measured how differences in working memory capacity related to differences in comprehension and following directions in first, third, and sixth graders. The number of words recalled in word- and reading-span tests predicted comprehension for all grades. Results indicate working memory's role in following directions increases with age. (SM)

Models of working memory were compared in 2 experiments as means of explaining variance in the comprehension of 95 skilled and 80 learning-disabled readers from grades 4 through 7. Results suggest that learning-disabled children's working memory problems are functionally related to higher order processes and not memory alone. (SLD)

Investigated whether preschoolers had acquired event knowledge schemata, and the impact of an inductive reasoning training program on knowledge transfer in story recall tasks. Found that inductive reasoning training led to knowledge transfer in kindergartners but had only minor influence on prekindergartners. (Author/KB)

Examined elaboration strategy--verbal elaboration, imagery, or keyword--use as a function of prior knowledge with students in grades two, four, and six. Found support for elaborative interrogation for all grade levels when learners had access to an extensive network of information. Imagery appeared to be the strategy of choice when background…

Kindergarten teachers rated the progress of 303 kindergartners toward six academic objectives. Thirty-eight students who received unsatisfactory ratings were matched to 34 children with satisfactory ratings. Identified children had poorer academic achievement, phonological processes, and working memory, and more behavior problems. Follow-up at…

Describes computer software that allows selective recording of various past audio events, and discusses the potential applications for second-language learning, particularly for students with visual, hearing, motor, or learning disabilities and for selective memory enhancement. (Author/MSE)