The literature of reading theory and research suggests a number of key factors involved in the comprehension process. In simplest terms, comprehension is the process by which an individual actively generates meaning from some linguistic input. Five factors of reading comprehension have been identified through research: vocabulary knowledge, the…

To determine if children could discriminate among the 24 ways in which words possess meaning (logico-semantic relationships) defined by Evanechko and to see if this ability changed over time, 570 fifth, eighth, and eleventh graders were presented the task of sorting decks of cards containing examples of the 24 categories. Although it was not…

It was hypothesized that the cognitive structures which underlie performance on class-inclusion tasks also underlie reading comprehension of the stated or inferred main idea of a paragraph, and that performance on three-dimensional class-inclusion tasks developmentally precedes performance on two-dimensional class-inclusion tasks. Ten kindergarten…

This report is an early release of a measurement instrument used in a longitudinal project Management Implications of Team Teaching (MITT), and is taken from a larger, technical Project MITT report, "Governance and Task Interdependence in Schools: First Report of a Longitudinal Study." The report describes the development of a 24-item…

The paper presents an innovative approach to the future by examining the concept of time in the 20th century, the development of a sense of chronology, and the role of futures history through the process of "invention." The model is based on the Einsteinian theory of the relativity of time. The author suggests that learning a sense of chronology…

This document was prepared in connection with a three-year longitudinal study of career expectations of high school students conducted to explain scientifically the process by which youth form career expectations, e.g., educational, occupational, and income expectations. Divided into six chapters, this document contains a theoretical rationale for…

Three recent studies have focused upon prereading children's concepts of written language, what they think words are, and how they understand the concept of a word. These explorations of young children's early attempts to understand and produce writing have important implications for the preschool and primary classroom. R. D. Morris found that…

There is an assumption in most freshman composition classes that students have the cognitive level to be sensitive and receptive to problematic situations, to articulate the problems, and to formulate statements to set out lines of inquiry. This assumption is invalid when applied to the majority of students, and writing teachers can attest to…

DURING THE PERIOD OF OCTOBER 1, 1965 TO JANUARY 1, 1966 AT THE HEADSTART OPERATIONAL FIELD ANALYSIS IN CLEVELAND, OHIO THE FOLLOWING ACTIVITIES TOOK PLACE. (1) THE METHODOLOGY FOR CLASSROOM OBSERVATION OF HEADSTART (HS) AND NON-HEADSTART (NHS) CHILDREN AND INTERVIEWS WITH THEIR CLASSROOM TEACHERS WAS REVISED. THE HS GROUP OF 125 WAS SELECTED FROM…

A RESEARCH PROJECT WAS CONDUCTED TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTS OF ONE YEAR OF SCHOOL INTEGRATION ON 87 LOWER-CLASS NEGRO ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN A SUBURBAN NEW YORK COMMUNITY. IT WAS HYPOTHESIZED THAT THE INITIAL LEVEL OF STUDENTS' CONCEPT FORMATION, COGNITIVE STYLE (FIELD INDEPENDENCE), SELF-CONCEPT, AND INTERRACIAL CLASSROOM INTERATION WOULD…

THE FIRST OF TWO VOLUMES PRESENTS SCHOOL CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT AS IT RELATES TO FAMILY FINANCE AND BACKGROUND FOR MONEY MANAGEMENT. AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH IS USED, BASED ON PHILOSOPHY, SOCIOLOGY, AND PSYCHOLOGY. PART I DEALS WITH GENERAL CURRICULUM PLANNING, CONCEPT FORMATION, ESTABLISHING BEHAVIORAL OBJECTIVES, OVERVIEW OF CURRICULUM…

A study was undertaken to investigate the extent to which reading by students with varying skill levels is a text-driven or a concept-driven process; that is, it examined the conditions under which readers used context to identify words. The 72 second and third grade students in the study read target words that varied in decodability, frequency,…

Ten prominent cognitive styles are discussed in a literature review. The review of each style includes an overview of the research literature; a review and evaluation of assessment instruments; and identification of styles which seem most relevant for application to Air Force Technical training. The cognitive styles covered are: (1)…

The paper presents a rationale, major concepts, and basic vocabulary related to citizenship education. The aim of the document is to aid elementary and secondary school classroom teachers as they develop and implement citizen education programs. The paper is presented in five major sections. Section I explains the purpose of the paper. Section II…

Eight papers which discuss rational and nonrational modes of knowing and consciousness and their relevance to educational practice are presented. Richard Jones in "Looking Back and Forth on Consciousness" considers two modes, the rational and the metaphoric, in a discussion of dreams. Alfred Kuhn discusses random variation and selective retention…