Eight severely retarded subjects (ages 9-22), four with functional language and four without, performed identity and nonidentity matching tasks employing objects, photographs, and line drawings. As representational complexity increased, greater difficulty in matching stimuli was observed in the nonfunctional language group, with line drawings…

Reports seven studies of the acquisition of knowledge about the appearance-reality distinction and suggests some conclusions about the course of conceptual development in this area from early childhood (3 years) to adulthood. (Author/NH)

Examines the development of the child's concepts of certainty and uncertainty within the context of concrete and propositional reasoning tasks. Subjects were first, third, and fifth graders. Findings support the position that reasoning about concrete certainty and uncertainty requires a different competence than that required for reasoning about…

Examines the early learning experiences of great men and women mathematicians to determine whether their lives were stimulated in symbol modes that generated semiautonomous cognitive systems of acquiring, processing, and originating vast complexities of abstract mathematical concepts. (HOD)

Concept mapping leads students away from rote learning and toward true understanding of concepts and their relationships. Several sample and student maps on earth science topics are presented and discussed. Applications for science instructors, students, researchers, and teacher educators are also considered. (DH)

High school students of various ability levels were presented economics concepts lessons, varied according to their organization or structure. Test questions over concept ranged from simple recall of information to application of economics principles. Students scored generally higher when they were presented highly structured lessons. (LMO)

Argues that by introducing young children to books that portray parents in positive images, teachers can provide a source from which children can view the world positively. Includes suggestions for selecting books that portray parents. (HOD)

Explores the extent to which key concept words are accurately identified by secondary school students. Research results on concept definition recognition from student groups in English-speaking Tasmania and Hindi-speaking India are compared. Linguistic hypothesis are presented and analyzed. (ML)

Describes a method for interpreting and representing children's science conceptions as expressed during clinical interviews. Also demonstrated how application of the "Interview Vee" yields important insights into the long-term growth of several children's conceptions of "molecules." (JN)

Explains how a writing course with lyric poetry as its subject matter, when designed according to cognitivist principles, provides an environment in which students can grow as writers and also mature in their ability to respond to literature. (HOD)

Examines several areas to be considered in developing physics syllabi. They include (1) the objectives of physics teaching and learning; (2) physics as an experience, based on realistic expectations of what 14- to 16-year-olds are capable of; and (3) the kinds of experiences in which students can succeed (including computer experiences). (JN)

Reviews several books that seek to explain what some of the structures of meaning are that stories present to readers and feed into their memories. (HOD)

This study used a microcomputer program which diagnosed and remediated an alternative conception of velocity. Results show computer simulations are credible representations of reality and that the remedial part of the program produces significant conceptual changes in students holding the alternative conception. (Author/JN)

Presents activities that have been used successfully in leading students from concrete experiences through pictorial and symbolic representations of important numeration concepts and patterns, including place value, multiples, and rounding. Each activity includes concept or skill fostered, list of materials needed, recommended grade level, and…

Two computer-based instructional design strategies were investigated to improve the two-phase process of concept learning by being response sensitive to error patterns. The first strategy determined the format of examples by adaptive or fixed selection; the second strategy adjusted the selection according to rules of generalization and…