Goals for educational attainment were studied in eleventh grade students. The males aspired to and expected higher levels of attainment. At higher aspiration levels, the discrepancy between aspiration and expectation was greater for females. Both socioeconomic background and academic ability had a greater effect on educational ambition for males.…

Sex role research shows that (1) some achievement differences are related to students' sex role perceptions and teacher expectations, (2) effects on students of textbook bias against females have not been clearly demonstrated, and (3) instruction designed to reduce sex role stereotyping has had mixed results. (Author/AV)

China's national leadership is committed to a vast upgrading of education, and the pervasive spirit of reform in economics and politics is leading to higher expectations of higher education. Reforms are targeted in the system's structure, deemphasis on specialization, new emphasis on applied science, and faculty qualifications and productivity.…

Describes a longitudinal case study focusing on teacher and principal expectations, satisfaction, and attitudes toward curriculum devlopment. Relates these three factors to the resulting process and product. Participants' perspectives heavily influenced their views of both process and product. Includes 13 notes and 11 tables. (MLH)

Questionnaire responses of Israeli headmasters (N=110) on the introduction of microcomputers in their schools for handicapped children revealed a common emphasis on cognitive skill training and basic skill development with the hope that the computer's characteristics (clear-cut goals, feedback, adaptable pace, high response rate) would facilitate…

Uses two self-report questionnaires in reporting that perceptions of Korean youth regarding parental control correlate positively with perceived parental warmth and low neglect. Findings contrast with studies on North American youth. Cultural variables contributing to the differences in the patterns of correlation among the Korean versus American…

Discusses controversial issues and describes several innovative programs involving language instruction for thousands of American school children with little knowledge of English. Lines have been drawn between "English only" advocates supported by the Reagan Administration and bilingualists favoring instruction in both English and native…

Classroom teachers serving handicapped students in the mainstream often need to make instructional modifications. This article discusses reasons for teacher resistance to instructional modifications and provides strategies that consultative staff can use to prevent or reduce resistance. Expectancy theory is used to provide a framework for…

Study of 321 undergraduate students reveals that the type of job for which applicants apply is a stronger determinant than applicant's sex of which qualifications are valuated as important in an interview situation. Use of standard selection criteria that predict job performance might best prevent sex discrimination. (Author/BJV)

The article criticizes current special education practices, noting that the concept of individual differences has led ultimately to the practice of labeling children with special needs. The "medical model" has put children in special classes, where they tend to perpetuate and reinforce both the labels and behaviors implied by those labels.…

Forty learning-disabled fourth graders learned to use a spelling study strategy, studied words under varying conditions, and predicted their scores on a subsequent test. Results indicated that, even without inclusion of specific metacognitive training components, strategy training produced important metacognitive improvement and that metacognitive…

There is not much evidence that supports the notion of the self-fulfilling prophecy as applied to teachers' expectations of students. The "Pygmalion" study is often cited by courts and in the media; but it is highly criticized in scholarly circles, and its findings could not be replicated. (VM)

Studying 67 clients with mild presenting problems from health centers in Canberra, Australia, the relation between clients' locus of control and expectations of therapeutic outcome was investigated. Clients estimated their likely success with therapists presented in a series of role plays. Internal clients anticipated greater success with internal…

To test the hypothesis that differing perceptions of the role and responsibilities of the advisor exist, in 1984 an Advising Role and Responsibility Inventory was developed and administered. The population of the study consisted of students, faculty, and administrators from a four-year, comprehensive, state-supported, midwestern university. (MLW)

An examination of international student mobility looks at the general trend toward increased mobility, problems of conflicting attitudes and expectations, and considerations of curriculum and credentials. (MSE)