Classroom decision-making was conceptualized within the framework of person-environment fit. A longitudinal sample of 2239 sixth graders in 117 mathematics classrooms were surveyed. The findings include: (1) students typically report fewer decision-making opportunities than they think they should have in their mathematics classrooms; (2) students…

The transition from college to full-time employment was compared for graduates of cooperative education (CE) programs and regular baccalaureate degree programs. The focus was the relationship of CE participation to organizational socialization and power within the organization. Responses were obtained from graduates of mandatory CE programs,…

Reported is an exploratory investigation of attitudes toward child-rearing practices in Malaysia, including an attempt to investigate and analyze the nature and extent of involvement of Malaysian fathers in child care. There is also an abstract of a study of the influence of child-rearing practices on marital role expectations in Bengali,…

An examination of the various ways in which teaching is uncertain and how uncertainty pervades teachers' lives points out that teachers face uncertainties in their instructional content, ranging from difficult concepts, to unclarity about how teaching might be improved. These forms of uncertainty undermine teachers' authority, creating situations…

This study sought to determine if parents of gifted and talented learning-disabled children differed from parents of other gifted/talented children in their expectations of educational programming and parent-school relations. Subjects included 265 parents who were members of The Gifted and Talented Association of Montgomery County (Maryland) or…

In this speech, the Secretary of Education identifies characteristics and principles common to all good schools including strong institutional and instructional leadership, a safe and orderly learning environment, teaching of the basics, high expectations, assessment of student progress, and accountability. Such principles are seen to apply…

Self-report, pre/post testing is a frequently employed measure of therapeutic change. To investigate whether expectation of change might be an alternative explanation to the scale shift explanation of response shift bias in a self-report measure, a two-session assertiveness training intervention for college women was evaluated under manipulated…

Both the Carnegie Report and the Paideia Report argue that all students should study the same curriculum and that significant qualitative change in educational programs is needed. Ernest Boyer's book, "High School," provides evidence of the diversity of the public schools, challenges stereotypes, and suggests that many needed changes can be…

A study was conducted of White, Black, and Hispanic parents with children enrolled in south Los Angeles County private Christian schools, in order to determine and compare their expectations of the schools. The increase in Christian school enrollment during the 1970's has been attributed to both white flight from contemporaneous desegregation…

In exploring myths surrounding the development of persons with Down syndrome, this paper discusses briefly the characteristics of Down syndrome, the origins of the myths, the status of the myths in light of current empirical research, and reasons why developmental psychology has clung to some essentially counter-developmental assumptions.…

People who decide or are forced to relocate often undergo a lengthy waiting period before they can move. This waiting period may be a highly stressful time for individuals anticipating relocation. This study explored relocating older adults' (N=63) coping strategies and the impact of these strategies on health, cognitive functioning, and well…

After a review of the literature on cognitive "cause maps" in organizational decision-making, this study describes a midwestern elementary school from the perspective of individual sensemaking, captured through individual cognitive maps of cause-effect relationships. Data were collected with an adaptation of Bougon's (1983) Self-Q…

A series of studies demonstrates that preschool, preoperational children deal effectively with tasks by anticipating the likelihood of their success and failure. They manifest these expectations in their behavior: in their decision time for making predictions, in the distributions of these predictions, and in their approach to particular tasks.…

Students' achievement in school is undoubtedly multi-faceted. Research has suggested that one important variable in student achievement is the interaction between the teacher and the student. Such interactions may serve to enhance or diminish the achievement of an individual student or group of students. Results of anonymous questionnaires given…

Past research indicates that people employ different strategies to manage others' impressions; however, conditions which make these strategies effective remain unclear. Using a sample of college students (N=345), the effectiveness of self-presentational strategies on influencing others' attributions of causes for expected and unexpected helping…