Stresses teaching the importance of including "reader benefits" in business correspondence. (Defines "reader benefits" as rewards which the reader will receive for doing what the writer asks.) Reviews research which explains why threats won't work, how reader benefits influence attitudes and behavior, and why nonmonetary benefits are sometimes the…

Over 300 students assessed their causal attributions and expectations for success and failure in mathematics, and their self concepts of math ability. Results varied, depending on research method employed, but did not when taken together support the hypothesis that girls are more learned helpless in mathematics than are boys. (Author/GC)

Two successive studies investigated teaching four memory training strategies and their effects on subjective memory complaints in the community- dwelling elderly. Evaluations revealed significant improvements in recall functioning among the memory training subjects. Results indicate concern about poor memory may reflect expectations about old age…

This study examined differential expectancy effects as a function of teachers' susceptibility to biasing information and distinctions between positive ("Galatea effects") and negative ("Golem effects") outcomes of teacher expectancies. Patterns of differential, negative expectancy effects were evident not only in teachers'…

The hypothesis that newly appointed deans experience a "honeymoon" when faculty expectations are very high was explored in a study of 163 teacher education institutions. Faculty members did anticipate a change in institutional mission and more help in getting outside funds from new deans. Strategies for veteran deans are suggested. (PP)

Surveyed 29 faculty to explore areas of faculty/student interaction. Topics covered were: the effects of student attendance and participation, the effects on faculty of student-faculty interaction, faculty suggestions of effective study techniques, and the reasons for different types of examinations. (Author)

Reviews research both supportive and skeptical of theories (based upon status competition processes, status incompatibility, complementary needs, and threat to gender identity) which posit that stress is created in marriages where the wife's occupational achievements exceed the husband's. Posits a theory explaining which couples will succeed in…

Studied satisfaction in couple relationships as related to social style. Social style considers the pattern of relationships in an individual's social network as partly the expression of personal needs and gratification patterns. Research confirmed the hypothesis that similarity in social style is closely associated with reported satisfaction.…

Considers the information revolution a force for social change which will transform family structure, educational modes, and increase pressure on young adolescents to grow up quickly. (Author/DB)

Using a nationwide survey, found work expectations change dramatically during years normally associated with retirement; over two-fifths of those never expecting to stop working were retired four years later; those expecting to retire were more likely to reach that goal. Argues against cross-sectional studies in planning Social Security changes.…

Studied the effects of realistic job previews (RJPs) with candidates (N=842) for telephone service representative. Two types of preview, a film and job visit, were used. Results showed no significant differences between RJP candidates and control candidates with respect to job acceptance, expectations, job commitment, and turnover. (Author/RC)

Examined effects of role congruity between clients and therapists. Relatively maladjusted Black and White college students were exposed to role-preparation procedures before receiving therapy. Results suggested the feasibility and desirability of training clients for better participation in therapy. Suggests client-therapist racial differences may…

Sources of teacher stress in private boarding schools include the expectations placed on teachers, poor administrative leadership, the physical environment, time pressures, and age differences or similarities with colleagues and students. Coping with stress may involve lowered expectations, better personal health care, consistent supervision,…

A series of behavioral expectation scale applications were analyzed in an attempt to point out an appropriate number of dimensions to be included in such studies. Results reflected the problems of dimension interdependence when the number of dimensions exceeds nine. (Author/JKS)

Academic locus of control and mothers' school-related reactions and expectations were studied in 81 learning disabled (LD) and 81 normally achieving children. LD children indicated more external perceptions of control for academic success. Mothers of LD children reported more negative reactions to their children and lower academic performance…