Private tutoring in English (PT-E), a special and important subclass of private tutoring (PT), is a common phenomenon in ESL/EFL education in many parts of the world. Nevertheless, it has received little attention in TESOL, applied linguistics, or language education research. This article investigates the nature and practice of PT-E in a…

This study investigated the journey of four Thai pre-service chemistry teachers as they sought to develop their Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) throughout a PCK-based chemistry methods course and field experience. In an interpretive case study approach we drew upon classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, chemistry content knowledge…

In this article, the community of inquiry cognitive presence model was mapped to a recently developed semistructured approach to online discourse called SQUAD to detect aspects of critical or higher-order thinking online by cleaning online message transcript through the use of code-recode. It is argued that using code-recode in the way suggested…

Researchers frequently deal with data that are cyclical in nature. This paper presents a methodological procedure that can be used to determine if a roller-coaster effect exists in repeated measures data. The procedure incorporates three key components. First, the researcher may find it necessary to analyze each participant's data set separately…

The objective of this paper was to determine whether educators, students, and community leaders, collectively and individually, differ significantly in their opinions of the importance of secondary educational goals. (Author/RK)

The present paper is concerned with uncontrollable, aversive stimulation. (Editor)

The purpose of this study was to propose an alternative explanation of defective sociopathic avoidance conditioning based on the model of sensory reinforcement (Duffy, 1962) and the principle of optimal stimulation (Leuba, 1955). (Author)

The primary purpose of this study is to report the functional relation between recognition memory and degree of semantic contextual change and secondarily, to point out that the obtained relation can be described in terms of alternative theoretical approaches. (Author)

Conventional approaches to educational planning (in particular to the forecasting of enrolments) fail to yield satisfactory results during periods of rapid social or educational change. This paper briefly outlines a flexible, alternative approach, that of the student flow model. (Editor/RK)

Authors investigated the relationship of neuroticism between divergers and convergers in a study of the cognitive and affective characteristics of university undergraduates. (RK)

The naturalistic research perspective assumes that reality is multiplistic, phenomenological, and context-dependent. This perspective legitimizes the subjective insights of the investigator by acknowledging the interdependence of facts and values as well as of the investigator and the object of investigation. Although discrepancies between…

This evaluation report describes the process by which a large, urban-suburban school system evaluated its vocational education program and the results of the evaluation. The evaluation was built upon a set of broad evaluation questions addressing two components of the vocational-technical program: (1) questions related to employer needs and…

One purpose for combining research studies is to estimate a population treatment effect. The internal validity of a model for how effect size estimates should be computed and combined will hinge upon the homogeneity of the effect size variation. Effect size variation may be assessed in the form of a summary fit statistic, and a direct…

This paper helps researchers develop criteria for conducting surveys. Cost considerations frame the paper's suggestions. Specifically, the text advises that researchers consider the human and material resources needed, type of survey instrument, medium for conducting the survey (mail, telephone, personal interview, etc.), data analysis…

This study was an attempt to shed further light upon the general issue of student and teacher attitudes and beliefs by developing an instrument constructed upon an independently conceived two-dimensional model of educational opinions. (Author/RK)