Previous research and literature have shown that college students' and premarital couples' perceptions and attitudes toward marriage and family are only partially understood by researchers and educators. This study was conducted to examine the attitudes of Mexican American and Anglo American college students regarding marriage partners. Students…

Knowledge about client expectations of counseling is important in its contribution to theory and practice, particularly for those ethnic and cultural populations presently underserved. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among acculturation and expectations about counseling in a majority (non-Hispanic) and minority…

As a result of the overwhelming amount of print and electronic advertisements which compete for consumer attention, advertisers must find effective methods to get through the ad clutter and capture their audience's interest. Several tactics can accomplish this strategy, including the tactic of breaking or reversing audience expectations or…

Examined were relationships between children's popularity and: (1) the types of solutions children generated to common social dilemmas; (2) what they reported they would do in similar situations; (3) their statements regarding conflict participants' intent; and (4) what they expected to happen next in conflict situations. Subjects were 95…

This address first briefly reviews what children are expected to know and be able to do when they reach adulthood and considers the critical developmental tasks which they must engage in and go through to meet such expectations. Then, consideration is given to the institutions of social networks in which development occurs as they operated in the…

This survey report provides information on senior administrators in four types of arts organizations: resident theaters, art museums, symphony orchestras, and community arts agencies. It examines: (1) their backgrounds and careers; (2) the rewards they receive from their work; (3) their expectations about future employment; (4) their training and…

Professional disclosure in counseling is the process of informing clients about the services being provided and the persons providing those services. It includes the issues of client expectation, accountability and consumerism and counselor credentialing. The effects of a professional disclosure statement on client expectations, behavior, and…

Previous research has shown that different emotions are associated with different attributions. To examine the situational context, i.e., the relationships between attributions and emotions as well as the inter-relationships within emotions and within attributions under separate success and failure conditions, 208 college students performed…

A study was conducted to examine continuities and discontinuities in the socialization experiences of toddler-age children attending day care. Interaction between adults and children during socialization episodes was observed in home and day care settings. Parents rated their extent of agreement with the teacher regarding discipline and the extent…

Focused on in a discussion of sexuality and the handicapped are perspectives of various individuals or groups, specific problems and issues in sexual expression, and recommendations for handling sexual problems. (MC)

This study hypothesized that teachers would hold natural expectancies--positive or negative--for students' performance from having previously taught students' older siblings in the same class, depending upon older siblings' performance levels. These students would then differ from no-expectancy controls on specific classroom behaviors and…

This study examined the influence of male and female models on the expectancies, achievement, and attributions of college students. A factorial design varied sex of subjects (male, female), sex of models (male, female), and causal attribution offered by models for completion of a novel task (effort, luck, ability, task difficulty). Females'…

Recent developments in cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence have shown that various types of prior knowledge play important roles in understanding during text processing and have resulted in a new kind of model for conceptual processing, "procedural semantics." This paper discusses two types of units, or schemata, which,…

The author identifies three school practices which discriminate against Black children and proposes three measures school systems can take toward a more equitable learning experience. The following negative practices are discussed: overenrollment of Black children in special education classes for the emotionally disturbed, the disproportionate…

This report examines the impact of certain key features of schooling organizations on student outcomes with specific attention to three key concepts: expectation, evaluation, and reward. Previous research on schooling outcomes is reviewed and complemented by the presentation of a theory (based on Parsonian concepts of social action) of school…