Interviews with 18 elementary teachers in low-income urban schools and 11 in middle-class suburban schools revealed the following: (1) most described cultural differences as deficits and had low expectations of students; (2) most had a low sense of teaching efficacy; and (3) teachers of color did not have higher expectations or teaching efficacy…

Argues that students are more motivated and develop more effective skills if challenged with assignments that ask for the depth of thinking required of academic disciplines and careers. Encourages composition teachers to experiment with assignments that challenge assumptions about first-year students' capabilities. (SG)

Examines the relationship of social and cultural resources and teachers' perception of ability to the educational aspirations of African American eighth graders. Results indicate that discussions with parents about school or careers, participation in activities outside of school, parental involvement, and parents' expectations were positively…

The United States identifies a far larger percentage of students for special-education services than do other developed countries, including Israel, Canada, Germany, France, Britain, Japan, and Korea. Looming behind the U.S. figures are the possibility of lawsuits, mounting paperwork, student discipline problems, lower expectations for student…

Discusses the role of school administrators in supporting school library programs and suggests ways that teacher librarians can encourage them. Topics include leadership from the principal; shared vision; professional development programs; planning opportunities; adequate support staff; school reforms; community and district advocacy; and raising…

Typically, high performing schools are those with high test scores. Affluent students generally have higher scores than poorer students. True high performing schools require students to take rigorous courses, hire extremely competent teachers, and for teachers to know every student well. They use their limited funds efficiently to improve teaching…

Expands the literature on the educational role of immediacy by exploring the relationship between touch during student/professor interactions and students' evaluations of the professor and the interaction. Indicate that student sex, professor reward value, and location of touch have significant influence on students' evaluations of professors and…

The identity of the underachiever has become synonymous with the stereotypical identity of boys. Teachers know what underachievement looks like: it looks like a boy who is bright, but bored. Evidence from a research study reported here demonstrates that teachers are more likely to select boys as underachievers than girls and that teachers…

In growing numbers, older women persist in pursing bachelor's degrees, although they most likely encounter significant obstacles along the path to completion and earn less than their male counterparts after graduating. The purpose of this interview. based study of twelve such women was to examine why they persisted and what value they placed on…

This study compared the attitudes toward help-seeking behavior and expectations about counseling of 135 college student-athletes and 132 non-athletes in an attempt to identify significant differences that might warrant the need for specific approaches with each population. Significant differences were found between student-athletes and…

Realistic client expectations about career counseling are essential to positive client outcomes. The authors investigated a videotaped intervention designed to influence participants' expectations about career counseling using a pretest/posttest experimental design. As measured by the Expectations About Counseling-Brief Form (H. E. A. Tinsley,…

This study investigated the question of whether a student's expectancy, values and negative affect influenced their deep information processing approach and achievement at the end of the first and second academic year. Five hundred and sixty-five first-year students completed a self-report questionnaire on three different occasions. The…

A number of recent professional development projects in Australia have expected teachers to engage in action research as a process for professional learning and educational reform. This study investigated the experiences of ten teachers from one school who spent a year undertaking action research projects as part of the Innovative Links Project.…

The transition to kindergarten is a significant event for young children and their families. The methods teacher use to orient children and families to formal schooling can have a long term effect on academic achievement. This study examined the transition activities of over 3000 kindergarten teachers that participated in the Early Childhood…

Recent studies have reported that preverbal infants are able to discriminate between numerosities of sets presented within a particular modality. There is still debate, however, over whether they are able to perform intermodal numerosity matching, i.e. to relate numerosities of sets presented with different sensory modalities. The present study…