Argues that, although writing teachers have come to see writing as socially constructed, they have failed to understand the teacher's role in such meaning construction. Calls for development of a theory of reading student texts which takes into account teachers' reading of the students themselves. Illustrates reading and misreading of student…

Physical education teachers who exhibited one of two orientations (disciplinary mastery/learning process or ecological integration/social reconstruction) were interviewed to examine the extent to which their value orientations influenced their stated goals for student learning and their expectations for academic performance and behavior. Goals and…

Examined facial expressions in relation to cognition in infants 2 to 8 months of age. A total of 48 subjects received an audiovisual stimulus contingent on arm movement, whereas 32 infants did not control the stimulus. Infants in the contingent group expressed greater interest and joy during learning and greater anger during extinction. (RH)

Presents strategies that involve students in managing their own classrooms. The ideas include a teacher's mailbox for student suggestions, a classroom bill of rights and responsibilities, class jobs, an evaluation calendar, a bulletin board company, and an advice-to-the-teacher card. A student page offers an evaluation calendar. (SM)

Policymakers have recently tinkered with length of day and number of years in kindergarten. They might better institute curriculum changes recognizing that five year olds have different learning habits than older children. The key is providing developmentally and individually appropriate learning environments for all kindergarten children. A…

This survey found significant relationships between 54 general classroom teachers' expectations of student behavior and their judgment of pupils being at risk. Teachers who judged more adaptive behaviors as critical and more maladaptive behaviors as unacceptable judged the absence of more adaptive behaviors and presence of more maladaptive…

Most praise coming from teachers is ineffective or damaging because the compliments fail to encourage students. Praise should have three qualities: contingency, specificity, and credibility. Praise is most effective if it is personal, sincere, and focused on improvement and if it allows students to judge their own behavior and achievements without…

A longitudinal study compared Indiana ninth graders (n=178) with and without postsecondary education plans. Results indicate decided and undecided students can be differentiated by the amount of time spent thinking about postsecondary options, amount of information received regarding those options, academic achievement, and student and parent…

Teacher interpretations of student behavior frequently provide the data to analyze problem behaviors. There is no absolute way to determine whether behaviors are appropriate or inappropriate. Effective teacher intervention involves reducing the old behavior and introducing new activities to reinforce appropriate behavior. The article suggests…

Presents study results focusing on the determinants of teacher work attitudes using organizational behavior theory. Explores job satisfaction as influenced by individual attributes and job characteristics. Concludes that additional economics training and expectations of motivated students favorably impact teacher satisfaction. Suggests that both…

Mothers of 137 children (with or without a sibling having Down's syndrome) were interviewed regarding their child without Down's syndrome. There were no significant differences between groups regarding expectations of "typical" children, but mothers of girls with a Down's syndrome sibling reported significantly more conduct problems than did other…

Two reports on higher education in Africa, Asia, and Latin America are the basis for an examination of the potential and problems of higher education in developing nations in the southern hemisphere. Ways to improve higher education in these areas using north-south university cooperation are suggested. (Author/MSE)

A study using instructional cards about appropriate developmental and behavioral expectations of children and nonviolent approaches to child behavior management child with pregnant and parenting teenagers (approximate n=1,890). Found significant positive gains on all questions. Knowledge gains were generally sustained over several months. (BRM)

The congruence among students' predictions of grades before taking short-answer and essay tests, their estimations of grades after taking the tests, and the actual grades was studied for 69 college students. There was a significant, but slight, positive relationship between students' judgments and their actual grades. (SLD)

The University of Hawaii posttenure review focuses on collegial professional standards rather than salary. By administration-union agreement, chairpersons apply departmental expectations to assess deficiencies, subject to final adjudication by a peer committee. Individual remediation plans emphasize faculty development. The process is seen as…