A counselor social reinforcement scale, based on the verbal conditioning model and the assumption that approval is a basic interpersonal reinforcer, and a counselor persuasion scale, based on the assumption that counselor conviction and client agreement with the counselor are the central aspects of counselor persuasiveness, were devised.…

A natural experiment is examined as a test of the teacher expectancy hypothesis. It was hypothesized that pupils taught by the same teacher as their older siblings would perform better than those taught by a different teacher. (Author/KM)

In-service education and organizational development are a must in solving the wisespread dilemma of inadequate staff preparation. (Editor)

Discusses the problems students and institutions have in aligning their needs and the solutions for those needs. (RK)

Article reports on a study of effects on students of high and low teacher expectations. (Editor)

Results suggest that the headteachers, through continuous communication with the pupils and staff, not only serve to enhance or diminish the child's evaluation of himself but also impart to the pupils in their charge a self-image which reflects the headteachers' highly subjective evaluation of the pupils. (Author/CB)

Classroom observation during an adult education course revealed that teachers behaved differently towards students they had been told were potential high-achievers--and that those students did perform well, even though the information given the teachers was false. (PD)

The interacting forces of poverty stricken youth, teacher behavior towards these youth, and the influence of this behavior on subsequent academic performance are studied. (CK)

Assessed how the physical attractiveness of counselors and clients interacted to build rapport in two experiments involving college students (N=128 and N=64). Results showed the counselor's physical attractiveness had a major impact on her perceived effectiveness and the client's expectation of success irrespective of the client's attractiveness…

Tested an expectations-based model of the cognitive processes leading to communication apprehension. Found that expectations are a significant predictor of communication apprehension as measured by self-reports. Also important were communicative goals and the interaction of expected outcome and goal importance. (PD)

The attitudes of family practice residents toward ambulatory pharmacy services were compared with pharmacy students' predictions on what the residents' attitudes would be. The residents' perceptions of pharmacist behaviors rated significantly higher than how the pharmacy students thought they would respond. (Author/MLW)