A total of 112 female teachers and student teachers acted as participants or observers in an experimental situation in which the participant taught a simulated elementary school child a mathematics lesson for three 5-minute trials while the observer watched. The child's performance supposedly either improved over trials (Low-High), deteriorated…

A questionnaire study conducted with 774 children, aged 8 to 17 confirmed predictions that age is directly related to (a) the degree of probabilism, or uncertainty, within children's expectancies of encountering a variety of health problems, and (b) the level of perceived vulnerability to health problems. Data were obtained in 28 classes, 4 at…

This study explores the occupational aspirations and expectations of some 531 black and white high school youth of both sexes from predominantly lower and lower middle socioeconomic status families in four New York State communities; Megalopolis (New York City), Middletown (Elmira), Exurbia (Patchogue), and Capitol City (Albany). Data were…

A study is reported which is based on the assumption that a teacher's presentation may vary as a function of student set. A guest lecturer was presented to each of 2 introductory psychology classes, one of which had been told that the lecturer was a "cold" person, and the other that he was a "warm" person. The lectures were taped and rated to…

Behavioral Expectation Scales developed by Smith and Kendall were evaluated. Results indicated slight interrater reliability between Head Nurses and Supervisors, moderate dependence among five performance dimensions, and correlation between two scales and tenure. Results are discussed in terms of procedural problems, critical incident problems,…

This study refutes the Elashoff and Snow (1970) critique of "Pygmalion in the Classroom," a study by Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968) on the effect of favorable teacher expectance on pupil achievement. Among the theses considered erroneous are: (1) That there is a wide variation in apparent results when different methods of data analysis…

This speech presents evidence that (1) aspirations for education and expectations are different phenomena, and (2) these two variables define subgroups out of a total student population. The data on which this paper is based are the responses to a group-administered questionnaire by 5632 junior and senior high school students in the Pittsburgh,…

This report summarizes the results of an exploratory study of the relationship between parents' educational expectations for their children, the children's perceptions of these expectations, and student outcomes. Of particular interest were the congruence between parental expectations and the children's perceptions of these expectations and the…

The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of providing feedback (results of how frequently a variety of tasks had been performed) on the job satisfaction of Dental Therapy Assistants (DTA's) during the course of several levels of training, i.e., up to three months, four to nine months and 10 to 18 months. Trainees were predominantly…

High School seniors reporting discrepancies between occupational "aspirations" and "expectations" are analyzed in relation to family socioeconomic status, intelligence test scores, scholastic performance, and socioeconomic area of residence. (Author)

Male and female second- and sixth-graders were interviewed concerning their desired and expected vocations. Findings suggest that although goals associated with the women's liberation movement are not demonstrated clearly in the vocational aspirations or expectations of young children, they may be reflected in the aspirations of adolescent…

As hypothesized, academic failure produced greater discrepancies between parental expectancy and children's achievement among high socioeconomic status (SES) children than among low SES children, and decreased self-regard among the former but not the latter. Furthermore, relatively low academic achievement was associated with weakened self-concept…

The effects of peer modeling and adult instruction, singly and in combination, on the adoption of an advocated strategy for problem-solving and on subsequent speed and accuracy, were examined in school children who had reported high or low expectations of success on the problem-solving task (WISC Block Design). (Editor)

Graduate students completed questionnaires containing either past performance information alone or past performance information and aptitude scores for a hypothetical student. Low aptitude scores led to greater ability attributions, regardless of performance. High aptitude scores led to greater effort attributions given poor performance and to…

Extends previous research (Clifford & Walster, 1973) on the relationship between pupils' physical attractiveness and teacher expectations. Examines the extent to which the length of time that a student-teacher has been in university mediates this relationship. (Author/R K)