This manual presents a pre-marital counseling program based on the premise that marital conflict can result from incomplete or inaccurate communication about basic attitudes and expectations. Problems and limitations of studies on pre-marital counseling are reviewed,and a six-session course designed for use in a small group setting or with…

This paper describes an exploratory study of conceptual change in 91 students enrolled in an introductory course at Michigan State University designed to help beginning teacher education students examine critically their preconceptions. The data consist of essay responses written at the beginning and end of the term. The authors were interested in…

A survey was conducted of a sample of 716 well-qualified students who sent their American College Testing Program (ACT) scores to the University of Michigan but subsequently did not apply for admission. Telephone interviews resulted in 574 completed interviews, for an 80% response rate. The interview instrument elicited information regarding the…

Chapter 14 of a revised volume on school leadership, this chapter offers many practical suggestions for managing time and reducing stress. The primary challenge is to unblock the route to effective time/stress management by recognizing unproductive values and attitudes (such as overreliance on the Protestant work ethic or the appearance of…

Progress of Oregon's State Prekindergarten Program (SPP) during its first 3 months of program operation is reported. Serving mostly low-income, 3- and 4-year-old children, the SPP offers health, nutrition, education, and social services to children and their families. Parent involvement and education are important program components. This progress…

Questionnaires were sent to 500 members of the National Council on Learning Disabilities and 500 members of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. Findings revealed a difference in attitude toward mathematics in the two groups and in attitudes toward learning disabled (LD) students in mathematics. LD teachers were more positive toward LD…

Historically, two commonly held stereotypes of genius have been that precocity was associated with social failure, and that precocity bred early burnout. Later research on the gifted has refuted these stereotypes. The two studies in this paper investigate whether the stereotypes have changed in light of this new knowledge. In the first study, 66…

The recent concern with industrial achievement has reinforced a growing tendency to be concerned with educational achievement. This study, the first in a series, examined whether or not student motivation made a unique contribution to achievement that could be separated from other factors known or thought to contribute to student achievement such…

If what is known about selective processes of perception is coupled with awareness of the extremely rapid pace of classroom interaction, the classroom setting becomes one in which differential teacher expectations are likely to be formed and maintained. In fact, research findings reveal the power of teacher expectations: high teacher expectations…

This report presents the findings of a three-year study that was based on the hypothesis that expectations play a critical role affecting different educational opportunities and rewards for learning, ultimately contributing to differences in educational outcomes between individuals and groups of individuals. The study assessed how 579 students in…

Reports on a study which used propositions drawn from small group problem-solving research, combined and modified, to explain social class differences in family problem solving with externally generated, rule-bound, conjunctive, puzzle-like problems. (Author/SF)

Subjects were 61 males and females who observed one of four combinations of male and female model performance on an anagram task: (1) male success-female success, (2) male success-female failure, (3) male failure-female success, and (4) male failure-female failure. Subjects' expectations of their own future success and amount of ability relating…

This study investigates the power of the sex-role social norm in determining dominance: is dominance determined by personality "type" (from Myers-Briggs) or by the sex-role expectation? Thinking (T) and feeling (F) types were paired, including all possible combinations of sex and T-F. Thirty-two dyads, 16 opposite sex and 16 same sex,…

The interaction effects among organizational commitment, perceived personal efficacy, and expectations with respect to the impact of collective bargaining are explored in relation to their effect on the degree of faculty support for collective bargaining. Data for the analysis was derived from approximately 1,450 full-time faculty in California…

Undergraduate General Studies students, following classification by the Bem Sex Role Inventory, formed groups of 44 Stereotyped Masculine males, 36 Androgynous males, 33 Androgynous females, and 25 Stereotyped Feminine females. They predicted achievement on a neutral task and two sex-linked tasks, one of each sex. Almost no variance appears in the…