Determines the relationship of undergraduate students' required vs elective rationale for course selection, and their expected course grade, to their ratings of instructors, courses, and examinations. Results indicate significant differences on the various course ratings comparing students with a required vs an elective rationale for course…

In examining the interest in adult education among persons with little formal education, researchers found a correlation existed between passivity and lack of satisfaction in the work situation and low motivation for adult education. Educational interest was related to leisure habits that already consisted of highly organized activities. (SK)

Data indicated that the popular model of combining family with volunteer work instead of paid work which was presented to college women of 15 years ago by their parents has been replaced by more career-oriented expectations. (Author)

Discusses trends and concerns in news reporting and news writing, including the accuracy of investigative reporting, the increased use of news "leaks" and unidentified sources, and the need to orient newspaper content toward real people with real interests instead of writing for an "average" reader. (RL)

Although reexamination of sex roles has been a significant issue for half the lifetime of the typical entering college freshman, traditional roles seem to be reinforced and perhaps self-perpetuating. (Author)

Using excerpts from "Three Approaches to Psychotherapy," the language of the counselors and client was compared. Counselors differed significantly in their use of verb phrases. The client's language was consistent. Structural analyses of language may help counselors relate treatment policies to the needs of clients. (Author)

Everyone has different expectations of the principal, but there are successful techniques for principals to identify, clarify, and cope with them. (JM)

The precision of measurements in today's society is discussed and is related to the range of uncertainty or variation of measurement. Numerous examples provide insight into the margin of error in any measurement. The issue of uncertainty is particularly applicable to levels of toxic chemicals in the environment. (SA)

Two experiments were conducted to examine the role of sex differences in learned helplessness in the generalization of failure experience. Subjects in experiment 1 were fifth graders and subjects in experiment 2 were fourth, fifth, and sixth graders. (MP)

College students' expectations for subsequent performance were manipulated by false evaluative feedback from instructors. Subjects then listened to an audiotaped lecture, and took an exam on the lecture. Subjects rated the instructor who gave the lecture. The evaluative feedback manipulation had a significant effect on subjects' performance and…

Develops an empirical framework for examining the process and outcome of negotiation. The hypothesis of the proposed model is confirmed indicating that prenegotiation expectations and social power strategy implementation are the most significant predictors of outcome. Also examines the situation and personality traits relevant to the negotiation…

Accuracy of expectation for oneself and for another was assessed on a perceptual judgement task with first, third, and fifth graders. Significant main effects of grade and feedback level were observed, whereas the significant performer effect was confounded by a grade X performer interaction. Sex differences were insignificant. (Author/SJL)

The effect of performance evaluations on expectations for future performances is studied using an extension of a Bayesian model. Whereas the model was originally limited to the cases where person C is both an actor and an observer, in the present extension these become particular cases of the model. (Author/RD)

Trained 3-month olds to move an overhead crib mobile while one of two musical selections was played, and assessed retention one or seven days later in presence of same or different music. Found that infants displayed one-day retention regardless of musical selection. At seven days, retention was seen only when test music matched training music.…