Variables affecting intelligence test performance were investigated for black and white female secondary school students. Test atmosphere (evaluative or gamelike), tester expectation, and socioeconomic status of subject interacted significantly with race of subject in determining mean IQ. Subjects generally performed better with female examiners.…

The reasons underlying the "failure" of a management information and planning system at a unit of a large urban university system are examined. The problems experienced include the level of expectations, methodology of implementation, and degree of commitment or perceived self-interest. The factors relate to human rather than technological aspects…

Discusses current trends in health and health care, assesses significance of current data, and investigates causes and implications of the data for future health and health care. For journal availability, see SO 506 144. (Author/DB)

The hypothesis that teachers criticize low-expectation students in order to control reinforcement schedules was tested. Teacher expectation, teacher perception of control, criticism of students, academic behavior, and student perception of teacher response to student effort were examined in six primary grade classes. Implications concerning…

An abridged version of the inaugural address delivered by Ms. Herzog on January 13, 1976. (SK)

A study with junior high students indicated that notetaking was an extremely difficult skill to master. However, content area teachers involved in the study reported changed expectation for their students and changed teaching techniques. (MKM)

Preservice special education teachers (N-62) rated their ability to work with a young child to be greater than with older students, despite older students being viewed as more academically and socially competent. Significant influences of labels (trainable/severely retarded) were clear only on academic subscales and not on social or self-appraisal…

Society has moral and economic obligations to assist the urban poor to overcome adverse conditions. A national urban policy designed to ameliorate substandard conditions is recommended along with realistic policies and programs of effective schooling. The urban poor have a responsibility to accept and use the help offered to them. (Author/VM)

Interviews with 188 university women aged 18 to 53 revealed that they expect an effective female leader to exhibit higher levels of consideration and initiating structure than will male leaders. No sex differences were detected for expectations of role assumption and production emphasis behaviors. Age-related differences among the women's…

Analysis of the extent to which 24 working conditions influenced the self-perceived reality shock of 211 beginning teachers revealed that the subjects' reality ratings were more positive than their expectation ratings in only two areas: help from other teachers and administrator observations. Teachers generally reported different sources of…

This article responds to Wineburg's critique of the "Pygmalion" study focusing on the self-fulfilling prophesy. The validity and tenability of the hypothesis are examined in relation to well-known critiques. The conclusion is that there is such a phenomenon and that it is quite applicable to teachers' expectations of students. (VM)

The author accuses Wineburg of using intellectual shortcuts and selective presentations to support the argument against the self-fulfilling prophesy phenomenon. The prophesy does exist and is applicable to schools because it is interrelationships which hold together social systems such as schools. Teachers' beliefs have definite consequences for…

First- and-sixth grade students responded to social attribution and social preference measures for photographs of attractive and unattractive potential female teachers. Students preferred attractive photographs, judging them as nicest, happiest, and prettiest teachers, and as teachers from whom they would learn the most. Unattractive photographs…

Assessed university students' knowledge about homosexuality in relation to their degree of homonegativism, i.e., physical, social, and emotional distancing from homosexuals, and selected personal variables. Respondents who were better informed about homosexuality proved less homonegative, particularly those with homosexual friend or family member.…

Reviews investigations attempting to manipulate clients' expectations for counseling or psychotherapy. Describes and evaluates six strategies used in attempting expectancy manipulation, none with significant success. Audiotaped and videotaped interventions proved most effective, verbal interactions ineffective, and printed documents of dubious…