Averaged evoked potential (AEP) is an event-related brain response obtained by averaging the scalp electrical potentials elicited by repeated presentations of the same event. It has proven to be an accurate measure of the activity of the mature human brain when involved in a wide variety of psychological tasks. Distinct psychological processes…

This publication is a report which deals with the effects of school characteristics on the educational process and its outcomes. Specifically, the report focuses on the educational expectations of students at age 14 and in their final year of secondary school, and attempts to replicate in 15 countries a model which considers the effects of school…

Teacher behavior and expectations and teacher-student communication patterns were investigated among urban and suburban teachers of educable mentally retarded and educationally handicapped (emotionally maladjusted and learning disabled) students. Classroom observers recorded teacher-student interaction using a version of the Brophy-Good…

To investigate the attributional processes mediating between outcome and expectancies and persistence, children's expectancies, attributions and response latency were measured. Children, equally divided into three age groups (three-five, six-eight, nine-twelve) were shown figures to match and were provided with experimentally controlled feedback…

Changes in marriage and procreation aspirations of South Carolina high school students between 1966 and 1973 are examined. Data were collected as part of a regional project in several Southern states. During the 1966-67 school year, all 10th grade students were interviewed in 42 randomly-selected high schools stratified by students' racial…

This study examined the effects of varying degrees of situational definition on expectation states of third graders. The experiment was conducted in the spring and replicated in the fall. A total of 389 children in 12 third grade classrooms participated. The experimental conditions reflected three degrees of situational definition. In the…

This study explored the relationship between young children's affective states and general expectancies for rewarding or punishing events. Subjects were 24 children, ages 4 and 5, from middle-class families. Positive, neutral, or negative affect was induced by having the children think happy, neutral, or sad thoughts for a short period. Two tasks…

Performance is affected by cognitive learning skills, but also by the reasons people perceive as causes of their successes and failures. People with high achievement needs perceive their successes as caused by their own ability and effort, and their failures as caused by lack of effort. People with low achievement needs blame their failures on…

Discussed is the development of games which provide teacher-trainees with experience in anticipating the response of different types of handicapped children to different tasks, and reported are results of four studies evaluating the effects of such games. It is explained that the games are designed to improve understanding of students and that…

The Beginning Teacher Evaluation Study (BTES), Phase II, was a research project on effective teaching behavior--what teachers do that significantly affects what and how pupils learn. The purposes of Phase II were to (1) develop an assessment system for measuring teacher and pupil behaviors and other factors which could influence each of them and…

This paper attempts to identify the inferential logic used by first-grade teachers in forming expectations about student achievement. Data for this study was obtained from an earlier study in which 74 first-grade teachers were divided into two groups to investigate factors that are related to the formation of first-grade teachers' expectations of…

This report describes the construction, validation, and reliability tests of the Wisconsin Significant Other Battery. WISOB is used to identify "significant others" and to measure their educational and occupational expectations for high school students. Evidence from the report indicates that WISOB provides a valid, reliable, economical,…

In considering the success outcomes associated with a new life insurance agent entering an agency which fits his climate expectations and preferences, data were compiled from 914 of a possible 1,125 respondents. The agents completed an Agency Climate Questionnaire (ACQ) on managerial support, managerial structure, new employee concern,…

Comprised of 20 tables of data, this paper presents the statistical data on the historical changes in occupational status projections of Northeast Alabama youth in 1966 and 1972. The data pertain to: (1) frequency distributions of occupational orientations by race and sex; and (2) changes in occupational aspirations, expectations, anticipatory…

The paper illustrates time-series variation in educational expectations of high school seniors. Two contentions pertaining to educational expectations have been that (1) the expectations of youth as a whole are rising, and (2) the traditional variance between rural and urban youth are depreciating. Based on data obtained from North Carolina high…