Without organizationwide commitment to training programs, educators may be able to increase learners' self-efficacy to acquire desired skills or behavior. But behavior and skills will not be transferred to the job if learners have low expectations about their use or if positive reinforcement is lacking. (SK)

Compares expectations and experiences of grandparenthood by sex and lineage. Grandmothers reported greater satisfaction and overall meaning in grandparenthood than grandfathers; grandfathers felt more able to offer childrearing advice to the parents. Maternal grandparents were more satisfied in grandparenthood than they expected to be. (MKA)

Examined Head Start children's conceptions of and expectations for future schooling, determined whether participation in a Transition Demonstration could affect these, and explored how these are related to children's academic achievement. Found two major themes in conceptions of school: play and the cognitive or learning environment. Expectations…

Instructional quality in any high-school classroom turns on the quality of assessment used there. This article defines five common-sense standards of classroom assessment quality and a brief series of self-ratings of readers'"assessment literacy." Learning-team training guides can help develop teacher proficiency. (MLH)

The theory of multiple intelligences (MI) says that everyone has certain ways that they learn best. The eight intelligences are verbal/linguistic, musical/rhythmic, bodily/kinesthetic, logical/mathematical, visual/spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist. This paper explains how to start teaching the MI way, presents a survey to…

Suggests building U.S. schools around the assumption that effort actually creates ability and outlines the effective features of a system based on this premise: (1) clear expectations; (2) fair evaluation; (3) payoffs for success; (4) the time needed to meet learning expectations; and (5) expert instruction. (SLD)

Teachers need sound skills and knowledge to manage their classrooms effectively. Without rules, rewards, and consequences, students will care little about learning. This paper discusses managing with an overall plan, motivating students using rewards, viewing consequences as results, and examining the task ahead. Suggests that guidelines and…

Examined the relationship between prematriculation understanding of college and the unrealized expectations of freshman students (n=201). Although levels of college knowledge predicted degree of disillusion for community college students, a similar relationship was not found for students attending public or private four-year institutions. (DB)

Argues that the current emphasis on the future economic worth of low-income, inner-city children is often inappropriate, because it tends to view them as economic units, some of whom may end up a burden to society while others have only limited utility. The paper suggests that these children have great value now and unlimited potential for the…

Investigated parental expectations of Greek early childhood education and care services. Found that the administrative division between types of preschool was related to parental expectations. Parents expected to collaborate with early childhood teachers regarding problems with their child at home, ensuring the best care for their child, and…

From threats of violence to emotional insecurity, many students enter schools burdened by fear. By addressing these concerns directly, clearly communicating expectations, creating engaging, open-ended curricula, and viewing students holistically, teachers can begin to create peaceful classroom communities. Such actions bring hope to students and…

Discusses gift-giving patterns in different cultures, particularly in relation to teacher-student interactions in English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) instruction. Situations in which gift-giving can raise ethical questions and how to teach culturally diverse students about this issue are highlighted. Script theory provides a theoretical basis for…

Helps physical educators objectively assess their interaction patterns with students and make necessary changes. After videotaping their class, they can tabulate interactions with students, examining such issues as whether they are leaving out certain children, whether management drives instruction, whether certain students repeatedly demand…

Examines the extent to which career decision-making efficacy and outcome expectations relate to career indecision and exploration intentions. Results, based on a multiple regression model and 350 participants, indicate that self-efficacy beliefs are the best predictor of career indecision, whereas outcome expectations are the best predictor of…

Two types of market-referent information--number of applications filed and amount of information about wages--were significantly related to turnover for a sample of 152 entry-level, part-time workers. Differences between beginning wage and wage expected were also related to turnover. Referent choice theory proved useful for studying job search…