When reporting the results of clinical studies, some researchers may choose the five-number summary (including the sample median, the first and third quartiles, and the minimum and maximum values) rather than the sample mean and standard deviation (SD), particularly for skewed data. For these studies, when included in a meta-analysis, it is often…

In this article, we explore how people revise their belief in a hypothesis and the reliability of sources in circumstances where those sources are either independent or are partially dependent because of their shared, common background. Specifically, we examine people's revision of perceived source reliability by comparison with a formal model of…

With the creation of interactive tasks that allow students to explore spatial ways of knowing in conjunction with their other ways of knowing the world, we create a space where students can make sense of information as they organize these new ideas into their already existing schema. Through the use of a Common Online Data Analysis Platform…

Teaching students to reason with data is not a totally new enterprise. A small but insistent statistics education community has been studying the process for decades. This commentary provides an introduction to some major themes of that research, in order to provide common ground for conversations between learning sciences researchers and those…

This paper discusses a concept that we call "'m'-tile means," which are the arithmetic mean of data values that break a data set into "m"-1 equal parts. Studying "m"-tile means can engage students' critical thinking skills and demonstrate the concepts underlying commonly used measures of central tendency, and so they…

Researchers often seek to synthesize results of multiple studies on the same topic to draw statistical or substantive conclusions and to estimate effect sizes that will inform power analyses for future research. The most popular synthesis approach is meta-analysis. There have been few discussions and applications of other synthesis approaches.…

Disparities in Mathematics performance have been shown across race and gender for decades, although little research has reported the race by gender nexus in terms of disparity. In turn, research done to ameliorate these disparities have assumed that these differences are primarily among student populations who need remedial learning improvement.…

Over the past three decades, children from low-income families have increasingly been attending different public schools than those from more affluent families. Though recent work has helped us understand patterns of income segregation between districts and schools within districts, we know little about segregation of students as they experience…

Although inclusion is the declared goal, the transition from a system based on special schools to an inclusive school system has only been progressing very slowly in individual countries. In an evolving school system, the existing special schools keep struggling to justify their existence. This study investigates the regional distribution effects…

Expectations about the environment play a large role in shaping behavior, but how does this occur? Do expectations change the way we perceive the world, or just our decisions based on unbiased perceptions? We investigated the relative contributions of priors to these 2 stages by manipulating "when" information about expected color was…

This paper examines the relationship between early geometric skills, behavioral self-regulation skills, teacher-mother reported self-regulation skills, child age and family income in 5-6 year-old children. The participants (N = 202; 104 girls, 98 boys) average age was 71 months (sd = 4.82; Data on race/ethnicity were not asked to participants).…

In education, multisite trials involve randomization of pupils into intervention and comparison groups within schools. Most analytical models in multisite educational trials ignore that the impact of an intervention may be school dependent. This study investigates the impact of statistical models on the uncertainty associated with an effect size…

Notwithstanding a large body of literature on log-linear models and odds ratios, no general marginal-free index of the association in a contingency table has gained a wide acceptance. Building on a framework developed by L. A. Goodman, we put into light the direct links between odds ratios, the Altham index, the intrinsic association coefficient,…

College students appear to have statistics anxiety, and even negative attitudes, strongly related to learning, knowledge, and further interest in statistics. This study investigated social work students' attitudes toward statistics and correlated academic factors. The pseudo mixed-methods survey of 196 social work students revealed mixed feelings…

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate and evaluate the use of "Bayesian dynamic borrowing"(Viele et al, in Pharm Stat 13:41-54, 2014) as a means of systematically utilizing historical information with specific applications to large-scale educational assessments. Dynamic borrowing via Bayesian hierarchical models is a special case…