Although investigations of the physiological effects of oral contraceptives suggest that affective changes may accompany their use, empirical documentation of these effects has not been consistent. This study examined physiological and affective changes accompanying use of a low-dosage oral contraceptive while controlling for possible expectancy…

This study targeted students with a history of academic failure to investigate the relationships among reported self-regulated learning strategies, attributional patterns, academic performance expectancies, and academic performance. Ninety-seven community college students, over 70% of whom were minority group members, completed self-report…

Whether teaching incoming students or training faculty in other disciplines, writing instructors often form unrealistic expectations about goals and skills of students and colleagues, which (like chemical addictions) predictably recur each semester as though they had never occurred before. For effective instruction, it is important that…

A previous study used questionnaires to determine the pre- and post-course expectations of freshman college students enrolled in an introductory psychology class. The most frequently listed pre-course expectation was to get a good grade or pass the class. Post-course evaluations showed that students were more likely to feel that their expectations…

This study was conducted to investigate the expected and actual adjustment of a select sample of students, engineering and science majors, at a public university in a rural midwestern community. Matriculating freshmen (N=247) who were engineering and science students completed the anticipated adjustment form of the Student Adaptation to College…

To learn about teachers' conceptualization of memory strategy use, memory knowledge, and developmental changes in these skills, investigators administered a questionnaire to 59 teachers of children in kindergarten through sixth grades. The questionnaire included sections on strategy use, metamemory skills, and memory monitoring and control…

The paper examines several statements often considered to be basic recommendations emerging from recent research on effective teaching. Each statement is examined in terms of what is known about the effect of context on the particular recommendation. Statements examined are the following: (1) Teachers who set and communicate high expectations to…

Despite recent efforts to provide equal education, agreement exists that blacks, females, and disadvantaged students as a group are outperformed in mathematics and science by white middle-class students. To help disadvantaged students, the Duval County Public Schools (Jacksonville, Florida) have developed a "Mayo Clinic" approach to…

A descriptive, cycle model of wife battering is comprised of three phases, i.e., tension-building, the explosion of an acute battering, and respite or reconciliation, with distinctions between minor batterings and the acute batterings that are uncontrollable and result in major destruction. To test the hypothesis that every battering episode…

Experimental research has firmly established the role of expectancies in determining the behavioral consequences of alcohol consumption. To ascertain whether these alcohol expectancies derive from direct pharmacological experience with alcohol or from nonpharmacological, social-learning factors, an adolescent expectancy questionnaire was…

Four papers explore issues related to the role of parent involvement in providing employment services to young adults with mental retardation and developmental disabilities. In the first paper, results of a survey of parents and guardians revealed a generally negative attitude about changes in working conditions recommended in recent federal…

The objective of a research project was to describe how undergraduate home economics students perceive their work lives in the year 2000 according to age, race, gender, marital status, and geographic region of the country. A valid, field-tested survey instrument developed specifically for this project was administered to 324 volunteer…

This monograph considers the problem of low achievement in elementary and secondary schools among Hispanic youth (approximately 75% score below grade on CAP tests given after third grade and remain underachievers throughout their school careers) and makes recommendations for improving equity of education. The root of the problem of Hispanic…

This study investigated the effects of biased psychological reports on teachers' behavioral and expectations ratings of a kindergarten child seen in a videotape. A significant difference was noted in ratings of expected characteristics, but not in performance ratings. (Author)