Girls expected and received more kindness, loyalty, and empathy from friendships than did boys. Seventh graders expected and received more empathy than did third graders. The relationship between expectations for and evaluations of friendship was greater for third and fifth grade girls and seventh grade boys than for other children. (BC)

Although the amount of available time imposes limitations on accomplishment, the key issue is time usage. Effective classroom management conserves instruction time by planning activities and tasks to fit the learning materials; setting and conveying procedural and academic expectations; and appropriately sequencing, pacing, monitoring, and…

Inside one Washington, DC, elementary school, Principal John Pannell has high hopes for his students and an expansive school vision. Malcolm X School compensates for disorder outside by clearly inculcating rules and behavior expectations. Children in school uniforms daily repeat a motto promoting Malcolm X as a school of love allowing no hitting,…

The language-related attitudes and beliefs that young students bring into the classroom carry serious implications for their successful second-language acquisition and intercultural communication. This article illustrates the predominance of student misconceptions and cultural stereotypes in one setting. Students' expectations and their beliefs…

Presents rational, adaptive, and naive expectations models of the occupational choice of students in vocational and technical schools, using regression techniques. No single model outperformed the other two. Students were responsive to opportunity cost but not necessarily to level of demand. Student choice appears to be influenced by parental…

In a recent survey, 70 effective middle-level administrators describe what qualities make them and their schools successful. Many mentioned superior teaching staff, liking for students, supportive parents, high expectations and commitment, delegation of leadership responsibility, focus on change, personal characteristics, professional activities,…

Compares the fertility behavior and fertility expectations for future childbearing of foreign-born and native-born women in the United States. Results show the immigrant-native fertility gap has increased during the 1980s because fertility dropped at a faster rate for natives than for immigrants. (GLR)

The Hastings Alternative School Program (HASP), designed for at-risk students, operates within Hastings-on-Hudson (New York) High School's regular program. Students are given an external structure and set of expectations enforced by an accountability system stressing communication and student responsibility. Nearly half of all HASP students go on…

A theory of academic competence is proposed that emphasizes academic skills and strategies (e.g., taking notes, using dictionaries, and studying for tests), background knowledge of content material, and of what is expected in a U.S. classroom. (33 references) (LB)

Suggestions are offered for improving the content of beginning English-as-a-Second-Language texts, which often reflect low expectations of students and limit both the rate and scope of language learning. Methods for engaging the learner and stimulating dialogue are discussed. (nine references) (LB)

Although college administrators at every level experience some role conflict or ambiguity while acclimating to new jobs, if the dissonance is unresolved, it can lead to lower job satisfaction and self-confidence, higher tension and psychological strain, and greater feelings of futility and anxiety. Strategies for resolution are individual but have…

Evaluated measures of infant cognitive development in 208 pairs of twins at 7, 8, and 9 months of age. Results contributed to the growing evidence of stability in intellectual development from infancy. (RH)

An industrial arts teacher explains necessity for teaching seven of his nine adopted children at home. Although his white children were well disciplined and encouraged by teachers, the East Indian, Cambodian, Hispanic, and African-American youngsters received little correction for out-of-line behavior and poor academic performance. Besides getting…

Researcher and former teacher Jeannie Oakes enlarges on the message of her 1985 publication "Keeping Track," a research-based account of tracking's devastating effects in public schools. The widespread practice of tracking students will not be dismantled until educators truly realize that schools can help "make children smart."…

Responses from 134 superintendents, 134 principals, 134 vocational teachers, and 153 vocational directors (78%) revealed the perception that directors were primarily involved in administration, instruction, promotion, and personnel. Teachers, superintendents, and principals would like them to be substantially more involved in promotion and…