Results of a study based on a survey of 119 early childhood educators revealed information regarding social competence and academic survival skills needed for a successful adjustment to kindergarten. Implications for curriculum development are discussed. (IAH)

A survey of first-year medical students on their first day and after a year measured discrepancies between expectations and experiences. At the end of the second year, students reminded of their unfulfilled expectations expressed no affect on class morale or emotional climate. Most were indifferent to their first-year responses. (Author/MSE)

Describes two studies to test the following hypotheses: (1) delinquent behavior that corresponds to sex stereotypes will be punished more severely; and (2) delinquent behavior that deviates will be evaluated more negatively. Presents model illustrating how sex stereotypes about delinquent behavior lead to sex-related differences in attribution and…

While reality does not always support the expectation, every college of pharmacy has expectations of scholarship that are, theoretically, understood by the faculty and administration. Scholarly research and discovery is central to pharmacy and deserves increased attention. (MSE)

Parents influence children's achievement through verbal and nonverbal communication of their expectations about education, participating in school activities, and helping with homework. Family variables such as ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and parenting style affect the nature and degree of involvement. (SK)

A national study of 276 elementary, middle, and high schools yielded the following recommendations for at-risk students: (1) the expectation that all students will master the basics; (2) alternative strategies that do not isolate at-risk students; (3) a back-up system including early identification, intervention, and second chances; and (4) a…

A survey of school counselors was conducted to measure Bandura's concept of self-efficacy with school climate, counselor roles, and a variety of demographic variables. Results indicate that supportive staff and administrators were the strongest predictors of high counselor efficacy expectancy. Additionally, outcome expectancy for counselor…

Teachers working with disturbed children must reframe their concept of the classroom to include affirmation and validation of the children's real-life experiences. Since wounded students who externalize their pain often project it onto those closest to them, teachers should be prepared to engage rather than withdraw. (JPS)

Issues related to the performance appraisal of school library and media specialists are discussed. Performance appraisal is an essential part of the management job, but supervisors of library or media specialists must integrate proven concepts into their own evaluation models to avoid the narrow focuses of the past. (SLD)

Counseling practices to improve self-efficacy expectations for career decision making include helping clients change beliefs by experiencing success and exposing them to successful models. Attention to personal-emotional barriers may be more effective than information-oriented approaches. (SK)

Expectations of presenters and 14 unemployed participants in a training course were modified as the course progressed. Beyond a focus on skill development for employment, the course moved to motivating and empowering the participants. (SK)

Tested Bandura's self-efficacy theory with 85 minority high school equivalency students from seasonal farm worker backgrounds. Students' self-efficacy expectations, interests, and perceived incentives satisfaction for specific occupations predicted their willingness to consider occupations. Students' generality of self-efficacy was related to…

Recent research shows that an achievement gap exists between U.S. and Asian students. One reason is that U.S. students, their parents, and their teachers maintain unnecessarily lower performance standards than their Chinese and Japanese counterparts. Even with higher standards, longer school days, and new curricula, academic achievement will not…

Anecdotes about messages college presidents send to constituencies illustrate that language is powerful in conveying institutional values and expectations. Suggestions for using language more persuasively include (1) using terms that include rather than exclude and being sensitive to groups' preferred terminology; (2) avoiding inaccurate or…

Hank Levin's educational vision is to accelerate learning of disadvantaged children and bring at-risk students into academic mainstream by end of their elementary school years. Levin believes that, if educators exposed all children to richest experiences and also connected with children's own experiences, their culture, and their community,…