The attitudes of Belgian chemistry students who had chosen their area of specialization, toward organic, physical, inorganic, or analytical chemistry or biochemistry, were measured. Major differences were found in the activity attitudes rather than in the evaluative or potency attitudes. Area of specialization does not seem to correspond to…

A parent recognizes principals as the educational leaders in their communities and urges them to be aware of the importance of parents in making schools effective learning places. (Author/MLF)

Discussion of the theoretical and methodological implications of six studies of the effect of children's expectations on comprehension of the passive transformation and of the Minimum Distance Principle. Study subjects were in kindergarten or elementary school. (Author/MP)

Chairmen of six American corporations respond to questions on energy conservation and development. Corporations are American Telephone and Telegraph, IBM, United States Steel, Exxon, General Motors, and du Pont de Nemours. Recommendations include creation of a national energy policy, reduction of wasteful uses of energy, and increased efforts in…

Seeks to appraise the present status of teacher expectation by posing the question, "Are we expecting too much of expectation?", and to locate the self-fulfilling prophecy--in all its variant forms--firmly within an interactionist framework. (Editor/RK)

Investigated with 50 elementary teachers were the connotations associated by classroom teachers to the label of educable mentally retarded (EMR) and the ability of this label to influence teachers' perceptions of child performance. (Author/SBH)

When asked to rate the expected behaviors of a hypothetical child assigned to each of three labeling conditions (normal, learning disabled, or emotionally disturbed) 75 elementary teachers differentially responded to the labels. (CL)

Results of the present experiments on raising expectations are consistent with previous experiments in that the generalization effect, while significant, is smaller in magnitude than the direct effect. (Author)

A study of the effect of lexical items within first sentences which affect reading expectations for the remainder of the passage, and of the effects of violation of reader expectation following first sentences, showed poorer performance by low achievers on the "violating" passage and a performance increase with familiar content regardless of a…

High school students with high or average achievement motivation read a passage with a list of learning goals. Two different goal lists were used. The 24 students were also instructed to expect a particular type of test questions. A free-recall test was administered; results are discussed. (GDC)

Previous studies have indicated that explaining a hypothetical event makes the event seem more likely through the creation of causal connections. However, such effects could arise through the use of the availability heuristic; that is, subjective likelihood is increased by an event becoming easier to "imagine". Two experiments were designed to…

Positive, though not definitive, results were obtained in a study conducted to determine if one semester of individualized instruction is enough time to cause a shift toward internal locus of control in students, and to create a more realistic appraisal of their ability to control success in the academic environment. (RT)

Proposes explanations and further research considerations for the apparent psychological equivalence of the terms "complexity" and "novelty" as they refer to information theory, stimulus generalization, and subject expectancy effects. (RL)

The effects of rewards and expectations of future rewards on sharing were examined with 180 Israeli boys at three age levels (ages 6-7, 9-10, and 12-13). A relation between moral judgment and behavior was found. (BRT)

The nature of the professional interaction between the pharmacist and the patient was explored, with data collected from 3,743 questions asked of 16 pharmacists during an 8-week period. Factors that might affect the nature of the pharmacist-patient interaction are identified along with a cognitive-based profile of patient wants. (LBH)