College students' expectations regarding the physiological, psychological, and social effects of marijuana were investigated. A sample of 210 undergraduates stated their expectations about the effect of the drug by answering a series of structured-response type questions. Also, Ss provided background information related to their expectations about…

Three explanations for post-stress performance decrement were investigated--learned helplessness, passive uncontrollability, and distrust. A group of male and female undergraduates at Carthage College (N=112) were exposed to one of four stress treatment conditions: escapable noise (EN), inescapable noise (IN), noise experienced with no expectation…

Observation of two third-grade teachers during the opening days of school revealed different approaches to organizing their classes and instructing pupils on correct classroom behavior. The results of observation are given in narrative form and analyzed. Five principles that characterized the most effective teacher are presented: (1) The teacher…

The influence of expectations and hypothesis testing on subjects' use of particular types of evidence to estimate covariations was investigated. Results of the first study indicated that all subjects relied most on positive confirming evidence and did not over-utilize evidence that was consistent with expectations. Results of the second study…

The Goodman technique of log linear analysis is ideal for family research, because it is designed for categorical (non-quantitative) variables. Variables are dichotomized (for example, married/divorced, childless/with children) or otherwise categorized (for example, level of permissiveness, life cycle stage). Contingency tables are then…

Generalized expectancies for problem solving referred to by Rotter appear to have significant relevance to the field of psychotherapy, particularly four specific expectancies of interest: (1) looking for alternatives; (2) understanding the motives of others; (3) long-term planning; and (4) discriminating differences in psychological situations. A…

The expectations of 119 graduate students (either regular or special education teachers) regarding possible emotional disturbance in Mexican American children were investigated. Ss were given case study information differing only in whether the child was Mexican American or Caucasian and were asked to decide whether placement in a special class…

In order to study teenaged mothers' knowledge, expectations, and attitudes regarding parenthood, their support systems for coping with pregnancy and parenthood, and how these factors influence their actual parenting ability in interactions with their babies, ninety-eight female teenagers from diverse sociodemographic backgrounds were interviewed…

Studies of motivation as a factor in learning success imply that, in second language learning, low self-expectancy for success leads to a low level of motivation no matter how attractive foreign language programs might be. The belief that there is no causal connection between his or her own behavior and learning success prevents the learner from…

The theory that teachers treat students from whom they expect superior achievement differently than those from whom they expect inferior performance is examined. Five ways of reacting on the part of the teacher are identified for the purpose of this study--teacher warmth, teacher feedback, teacher selection of materials, opportunity offered for…

This study assesses college students' reactions to both men and women who were portrayed as behaving in a manner either congruent or incongruent with sex-role stereotypically based social expectations (e.g., either crying or evincing anger in response to either the death of a spouse or severe job criticism). The subjects were 94 women and 107 men,…

Emphasizing the relationship between adult attitudes and adult attainment, data, collected via personal interview, were obtained from the 3rd wave and the black and white male subset of a 3 wave panel (1966, 1968-69, and 1972) of a study of Southern nonmetropolitan youth. Patterns of congruency and deflection in occupational and educational…

The assumptions and the expectations of the budgeting systems in higher education are presented in an attempt to clarify the magnitude of the task of setting up a budgetary methodology. The assumptions of effective budgeting should be identical to the purposes of the institutions that are served. Developing a system around the acquisition,…

The first article in the series discusses expectations and attitudes that affect retirement adjustments and planning strategies that contribute to good adjustment. Some research findings about retirees and retirement satisfaction are included. (Author)

The Student Attribute Study identified student characteristics and behaviors related to teacher expectations and attitudes. Children in grades two through five were identified who received consistent teacher rankings (high, medium, or low) over a two-year period on one or more of 13 bipolar scales describing student characteristics and teacher…