Brief examples of the use of rules defining expectations in two high schools demonstrate the effectiveness of this method and that it is a useful and practical strategy for administrators. (MLF)

Administered the Beck Hopelessness Scale to alcoholic (N=20) and heroin-addicted (N=20) women. Results indicated that although both groups expressed comparable levels of overall hopelessness, alcoholic women anticipated more success and better lives in the next 10 years than did the heroin-dependent women. (LLL)

Fourth, sixth, and eighth grade students studied a word learning task and were tested on three consecutive days. Expectancy statements were made by half the subjects. These results seemingly contradict previous research, but the contradiction was explained in terms of task complexity. Expectations were found to be motivational. (Author/BW)

Boards often hire someone new to the presidency both to benefit from fresh thinking and to avoid tapping someone who has done the same thing in the same way at multiple institutions. And yet, the decision to take a chance on a rookie chief executive creates one of the riskiest situations in higher education. One reason it is fraught with risk is…

This scrapbook resulted from a search for possible consensus on the outcomes of undergraduate education. The scrapbook contains quotations from various sources related to undergraduate education and serves as a resource that reviews some of the literature. It begins with later 20th century expectations of corporate and governmental bodies in…

School districts and credentialing agencies use information gathered in standard setting studies to establish minimum passing scores (MPS) for a variety of purposes. These scores may be used to make decisions ranging from subject remediation to licensure. Multiple standard setting methods may be used to provide a range of scores to the…

The idea that parental involvement has a positive influence on students' academic achievement is so intuitively appealing that society in general, and educators in particular, have considered parental involvement as the remedy for many problems in education. The vast proportion of the literature in this area, however, is qualitative without…

Expectancy, relaxation, and hierarchy content were manipulated. Findings did not support the hypothesis that expectancy was the only factor in desensitization, but did clarify the role of expectancy vis-a-vis the counterconditioning elements typically discussed in the literature. (Author)

Lists four areas of reading activity that encourage interaction and mutual contributions between students and teacher. (TO)

Article describes a predicament in which many a newly-minted doctoral graduate finds himself. (Editor)

Purpose of the study was to provide an adequate test of the original Rosenthal and Jacobson teacher expectancy hypothesis by using: (a) equivalent control and experimental groups based on pretest data, and (b) a more suitable test of intelligence. (Authors/CB)