Research has demonstrated that depressed people lack the optimistic bias evidenced by nondepressed persons and that the former may be more realistic in predicting the outcome of future events (depressive realism hypothesis). This study assesses the depressive realism hypothesis by comparing the accuracy of depressed and nondepressed people's…

Research examining how consumption of alcohol is expected to affect the sexuality of young men and women has found that subjects who rated the female drinker expected alcohol to facilitate a greater increase in sexuality for the target than did subjects who rated the male drinker. This research, however, did not employ a nonalcohol drinking…

Children in grades one through six evaluated same-sex classmates in terms of sociometric nominations (three children you "like best") and sociometric ratings (a six-point scale ranging from "like very much" to "like very little"). In addition, each child performed a recursive version of each of the tasks (i.e.,…

Investigated the influence of success and failure experiences and expectancies on selective memory for positive versus negative personality information about oneself. Subjects correctly remembered their personality liabilities relatively less than their assets when they expected to succeed than when they expected to fail. The effects of expectancy…

This study hypothesizes that information about a counselor has either positive or negative effects on specific facets of the counselor-client relationship. Results support the hypothesis. (Author)

A recent study in Michigan has shown that board chairmen and faculty leaders have widely varying expectations of the community college president's role in collective bargaining, that presidents frequently perceive these expectations incorrectly, and that while presidents generally assume the role of Board Agent, all parties prefer the president in…

The authors examine a number of assumptions about vocational counseling originating from the general public, test makers, counselors, and clients. These assumptions are enumerated to promote counselors' reflections on their own and their clients' vocational counseling assumptions. The article includes proposed working assumptions. (SJL)

This study was designed to determine what concepts Indian mothers have of the ideal child in terms of what they believe should be encouraged and discouraged and to compare the results with the concepts of parents in the United States and experts on creative personality. (Author)

Authors attempted to measure a few key variables associated with the Porter-Lawler (1968) expectancy model in order to determine its validity. (Author/RK)

A scale designed to quantify hopelessness was administered to several diverse samples of patients to assess its psychometric properties. This scale was found to have a high degree of internal consistency and showed a relatively high correlation with the clinical ratings of hopelessness and other self-administered measures of hopelessness. (Author)

Male college students were randomly assigned to one of two conditions of specific expectancy, in which they were told that they would find it either easy or difficult to self-disclose to a stranger interviewer. The JSDQ, scored for anticipated self-disclosure, but not for recalled self-disclosure, predicted observed performance. (Author)

As the United States debates what it expects of college graduates and how to measure the achievement of these expectations, the goals of students frequently are overlooked. Goals are what individuals hope to achieve and accomplish. Currently most colleges collect information about the broad goals students hold for attending college as they enter,…

This 20-month study describes an elementary school principal, John Meyer, and examines his leadership behaviors. From an effective schools perspective, the principal is seen as the white knight who "saves" the children by providing an effective school. John Meyer is known as a "turnaround" principal who came to Garvin School (located in a Missouri…

In this newsletter issue the stories of three Southeast Asian (Cambodian, Laotian, and Vietnamese) refugee women are told that describe their exodus from their countries to America and what their experiences have been, so far, in this country. The women also describe what they look for in their future. (GLR)