Tests two hypotheses: (1) that knowledge of a child's family history of sexual abuse influences adults' expectations for the child; and (2) that adults who have experienced sexual abuse are less likely to negatively stereotype sexually abused children. Results confirm that family history labels lead to adults having different expectations of…

Used analogue format to compare relative effects of two paradoxical interventions (symptom scheduling and negative consequences of change), a relaxation directive, and a session summary condition on clients' perceptions of a mental health counselor, counseling expectations, and attributions. Results indicated differential effects on perceptions of…

A former school principal describes a dozen situations involving parents' excuses for their children's bad behavior or complaints about school procedures and supervisory practices. Suitable administrator responses are given concerning homework completion, "unreasonable" school expectations, divergent interpretations of student attitudes and…

Data from Japanese university students (176 males, 210 females) showed that females had significantly higher self-efficacy for female-dominated occupations, significantly lower for male-dominated ones. Self-efficacy for male-dominated occupations was associated with instrumentality; for female-dominated occupations it was associated with both…

Understanding of adolescent child-bearing and efforts to ameliorate attendant problems are diminished by unexamined, emotionally charged beliefs regarding race, poverty, gender. Adolescent birth rates that declined from 1970s to 1980s were sharper for African Americans. However, sexually active adolescents in comparison countries have fewer…

A cohort of nurses and midwives completed a Hoste Grid (semantic differential scale) before and after a course on management of care delivery. Precourse positive expectations were shaken but not destroyed by the experience. Ways to address student fears and improve the evaluation process were identified. (SK)

Conducted naturalistic inquiry study of rituals at a women's college well known for its traditions (commencement, baccalaureate, junior show, community day, second semester convocation, and charter day). Findings showed how these events build community, establish consensus and meaning, expound value of achievement and leadership, and build…

Using data from two ongoing longitudinal studies and prior research, examines the effect of parental attitudes on the perpetuation of gender stereotypes in choice of school subjects and careers. Because society does not yet reward female- and male-typed occupations equally, such stereotyping is often disadvantageous to girls. (DM)

Investigated relationship between college student concerns before leaving for study abroad and three sets of student characteristics. Data from 482 predeparture questionnaires revealed concerns focused on housing, money, and extracurricular travel. Findings indicated that sojourner characteristics that seemed to influence predeparture concerns…

Responses from 191 college students suggest that they are most interested in learning about course content and the instructor at the first session. Effectiveness of the first session is enhanced by attention to physical space, temperature, lighting, and equipment; personal greeting; and explanation of the relevance of course content. (SK)

Burnout is a condition of withdrawal from participation in sports as a result of stress. The most significant advance in the study of burnout has been a cognitive-affective model that contains situational, cognitive appraisal, physiological, and behavioral components. Suggestions for preventing and treating burnout are presented. (BC)

After 15 boys with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder were informed that they had taken either medication or placebo, they completed computer tasks, self-assessments, and causal judgments. Boys predicted better performance when told they were on medication. For self-evaluations, medication status and information interacted, with boys…

The U.S. public has an intense, contradictory attitude toward higher education. On one hand, they expect universities to be "relevant," and on the other hand, they like them to offer "reflective" environments. A formerly little-acknowledged world, academe is suddenly on perpetual display. However, there are indications that it is reclaiming its…

Quantitative and phenomenological methods were used to assess expectations about counseling by 100 elderly persons and 100 gender- and ethnic-matched college students. A quantitative analysis indicated general similarity for elderly and young respondents, although phenomenological results revealed different expectations. Elderly subjects expressed…

As identified by French and Raven, expert power is based on the student's perception that the teacher possesses some special knowledge or expertise worth acquiring. Expert power, like all the power bases (reward, coercive, legitimate, and referent power), must be cultivated. Principals should act to promote and highlight the legitimate expertise…