When the stimulus to be intercepted traveled at slow or moderate speeds, subjects' (N=18) expectancies did not modify choice reaction time (CRT) and movement time. However, when the stimulus traveled at fast speed, CRT was reduced as a function of event probability, at the cost of more response initiation errors. (IAH)

Discusses expectations held by client beginning a job search. Describes Ellis's Rational-Emotive Therapy, designed to teach clients to think rationally prior to the job search. Assesses various irrational beliefs surrounding the job search. Concludes that clients can be taught to combat irrational expectations. (Author/BHK)

Student recruitment for doctoral programs in educational administration is an important topic that has escaped experimental study. In a recent study, reactions of female and male teachers, as potential administrator candidates, were more positive when recruitment brochures stressed program requirements and expectations, rather than the…

Homework probably involves the complex interaction of more influences than any other instructional device. Because of differing home environments, homework fails as the great equalizer. Homework's value is also influenced by student characteristics, subject matter, and especially grade level. Guidelines and recommendations are provided. Includes…

Boys expected less guilt and less parental disapproval for aggression than did girls. When provoked, children expected more tangible rewards, less guilt, and less parental disapproval than when not provoked. (RH)

Explores the unique time-related stresses on the adult educator and the implications for educational institutions. Focuses on extension education as a specific case and how an effort to redirect programing can increase time-related stress. (JOW)

College students (N=64), divided into 10 groups, completed the Personal Anticipations Questionnaire prior to group experience, Group Attitude Scale several times during group experience, and Group Satisfaction Scale following group experience. Results showed that group member expectations were related to group cohesion or attraction to group.…

Administered anticipated adjustment form of Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ) to entering college freshmen majoring in science or engineering, then administered actual adjustment form in October of freshman year. Results support use of SACQ for this group. Comparison of results from anticipated and actual adjustment forms suggests…

Expected value judgments of 5- through 10-year-olds were studied by having children view roulette-type games and make judgments of how happy a puppet playing the game would be. Even the youngest children showed some understanding of probability dependence, with children under eight using an additive integration rule and children eight and older…

From 3 states, 256 usable responses from 400 Future Farmers of America (FFA) members showed that achievement expectancy was positively related to youth leadership life skills development. Females had higher leadership skills development. Leadership skills were not related to self-esteem, years in FFA, age, ethnicity, or place of residence. (SK)

One important characteristic of rational action is that intentions should be consistent with beliefs. Two studies examined whether three year olds understand belief constraints on intention. In both studies, subjects' understanding of unfulfilled intentions was excellent and significantly better than their understanding of false beliefs, but…

Reviews the application of expectancy theory to student motivation. Describes tenets of the theory (motivation depends on estimation of the likelihood of success, the likelihood that particular behaviors will result in the outcome, and the value of outcomes). Identifies instructor actions related to each tenet that can enhance student motivation.…

District officials often assume that decentralization will produce immediate improvement, uncover abundant building-level expertise, and spawn productive, harmonious decision making. Staff development must be geared to eliminating false expectations, developing a thorough knowledge base, and understanding how to control and evaluate the program.…

Summarizes a study examining attitudes, decision-making processes, and interpersonal expectations of school personnel in over 50 school renewal projects in Georgia. Identified nine elements essential for helping restructuring schools become more empowering organizations. Discusses how professional educators can use their knowledge of these…

Gave subjects a performance standard either before or after performance of a novel task. Found that subjects receiving the standard after performance were more satisfied (in the success condition) or more dissatisfied (in the failure condition) than those given the standard prior to performance. Implications of these findings are discussed. (RJM)