A test group of 78 students in advanced journalism courses at Ohio University were assigned the role of "editor" in an attempt to determine whether newspaper editors can predict the preferences of their readers. Seventy-eight other students from classes in mass communication, introductory psychology, and journalism were assigned the role of…

A study was conducted to find whether race, socio-economic status (SES) and language cues of speakers modify the ratings of white experienced teachers. Subjects were 250 white male and female experienced teachers whose responses were recorded on a semantic differential designed to assess teacher expectancies on two concepts: speaker and speaker's…

Laboratory research and initial studies of the effects of goal setting in the classroom indicate that goal setting increases achievement. Thus, goal setting may prove to be an effective motivational technique for use in the schools. Goal setting, however, is influenced by many factors such as knowledge of results, explicitness of goals, difficulty…

This paper describes a laboratory experiment which was a replication and extension of an earlier study, both of which are part of an effort to synthesize the findings of two somewhat different approaches to the study of interpersonal attraction. The first of these approaches is a secondary reinforcement interpretation and in general assumes a…

A program designed to provide prospective secondary speech teachers with intern experiences in addition to those received during the formal student teaching program was initiated at Michigan State University. Objectives of the program are to: (1) analyze the classroom situation from a communication process point of view, (2) observe a variety of…

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the process of change within a construct as it undergoes either weakening by invalidation or strengthening by validation. Furthermore, this process was considered in terms of affective versus nonaffective constructs in order to determine whether invalidated affective constructs are more subject to…

Responses to a questionnaire administered to 24 Black and 27 White elementary school teachers indicated there were no significant differences in attitudes toward disadvantaged youth and poverty. Both groups expressed pessimistic expectations. (JC)

Concludes that expectancy-violation (when audience does not expect the position a communicator advocates) enhances persuasive effectiveness more than similarity or unexpected similarity. (RL)

Results of this study involving 280 college business students showed that student effort increased significantly using the contract grading method. (MM)

The expectancies teachers have of their students and their methods of communicating these expectations are discussed. Implications for instruction are briefly described. (DEP)

Investigates a subject's internalized goals and the relationship of the goals to test performance as a function of different learning instructions. Stating specific goals was found to produce the most significant results among subjects. (Author/DEP)

A theoretical model for estimating the effects of age and incentive on children's performance in probability learning is introduced. Novel predictions of the model about the effects of combinations of age and incentive were tested and confirmed. (Editor/RK)

Provides strong support for the hypothesis that as communication reticence increases, expectations of success in communication situations decreases. Investigates the predictive utility of employing multiple measures of reticence as compared to single operationalizations. (NKA)

Assessed evaluations and corresponding justifications of stories depicting violations of social expectations between friends. Results of the study of 60 children in grades one, three, and five showed that children's conceptions of trust drew on moral reasoning and that violation of trust led to negative feelings. (SKC)