Basketball experts (N=28) responded to "rule- and norm-related behavior" questionnaire, assessing crisis relevance of behaviors which were against rules of situation and were either fair or unfair, called or not called by officials. Results revealed that officials' calls and fairness of violations substantially influenced diagnostic…

Returning women students (n=36) analyzed romance novels, becoming aware of how the genre privileges particular groups and values. They explored connections between the texts and their lives and recognized how cultural and social expectations are reflected in the novels and circumscribe their lives. (SK)

Investigates the connections between depression among elderly parents (n=388) and facets of the relationship between these parents and their adult children, including the exchange of assistance between generations, and the expectations older parents have for assistance from children. Results indicated that filial responsibility expectations are…

Probability terms were scaled by 3 methods as a result of a survey of undergraduate students (n=194): rank order, percentage estimate, and successive interval. Discusses implications for the selection and placement of probability terms on rating scales in the development of assessment instruments. (JPS)

Summarizes research aiming to identify factors that motivate service and manufacturing businesses to become partners with K-12 public schools. Uses telephone interview data gathered from 154 (out of 1,000) randomly selected Los Angeles County school-business partners. Top motivating factors were community support, business promotion, and support…

Role expectations, ways of learning, and styles of verbal and nonverbal interaction are culturally acquired. Adult educators bear responsibility for understanding the dynamics of cross-cultural interaction and conflict in teaching diverse groups. (SK)

Counseling psychologists working in a variety of settings were surveyed about the effects and modifiability of unrealistic client expectations about counseling. Responses indicate that clients' unrealistic expectations generally have a detrimental effect on counseling and are difficult to modify. (LKS)

Of 64 participants in leadership training, 32 received an informative, optimistic preview and 32 a realistic (positive and negative) preview. Findings showed the optimistic preview had more positive impact on expectations, motivation, learning, attitudes, and transfer of learning. (SK)

A modified Visual Expectation Paradigm assessed the role of picture content in the spatiotemporal expectations of 80 infants. Stable picture content information facilitated formation of expectations about when and where pictures would appear. Two month olds' reactions were consistently slower than those of three month olds.(LB)

Responses from 284 of 428 college faculty found a significant relationship between research self-efficacy and productivity and between self-efficacy and causal attributions. Males reported significantly stronger self-efficacy beliefs, greater time spent in research, and greater productivity than did females. (SK)

Found alcohol expectancies that discriminated between problem- and non-problem-drinking college students (n=1,148). Expectancy profile that distinguished female problem drinkers from female nonproblem drinkers was relatively distinct from profile that separated these types of drinkers among men. Alcohol expectancy with strongest discriminating…

This article describes communicative norms associated with two clinical discourse styles (adult centered and child centered) and explores the ethnographic concepts of thick description and indefinite triangulation in utterance interpretations. Clinicians are urged to evaluate client utterances from multiple communicative perspectives. (DB)

Investigated expectations that 131 single female and 103 male college students had for themselves and their future marital partners. Genders did not differ on expectations for personal success but did differ on expectations for success of future marital partner. Women expected more success for future husbands than men expected for wives.…

A discussion of cultural stereotypes and civilization instruction focuses on means of sensitizing language students to their own and other cultures. Exercises are offered in seeing the Italians as seen by the French, the French as seen by Italians, and the French as they view themselves. (MSE)

According to interviews with six managers in a retail firm facing potential sale, the preacquisition stage of a merger is stressful. Feelings of insecurity, uncertainty, threat, and loss of control affect managers' work. Early intervention is needed to assist them with the range of emotions and expectation they experience. (SK)