Independent expectancies were that alcohol enhances social and physical pleasure, enhances sexual performance and experience, increases power and aggression, increases social assertiveness, and reduces tension. More global factors were related to light consumption. Increased expectation of sexual and aggressive behavior was found in heavier…

Rotter's social learning theory is applied to the learned helplessness paradigm, and is used to analyze (1) expectancy change processes occurring during helplessness training and (2) the generalization of those changes to other situations. Literature on individual and situational differences is also reviewed. (Author/SS)

Elderly people show preservation, or even enhancement, of data-driven control but loss of memory-driven control of selective attention. As people grow older they become more labile and more subject to control by external events. Old subjects remember, analyse, and employ smaller samples of the recent past. (Author)

Offender status had a negative effect on dimensions involving acceptance of the client for therapy but little effect on assessment of personality variables. (Author)

The "high split" group scored significantly more apprehensive on both The Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale and Templer's Death Anxiety Scale. This inter-group difference was attributable to the "high split" group's greater concern with the state of death, as opposed to the process of dying. (Author)

Describes a survey of accounting professional's expectations of the newly hired employee's communication skills. Concludes that there is general agreement that most accountants lack the skill to articulate conceptual ideas but there is little agreement on how to develop this skill in the classroom. (JMF)

One group of 113 college students took the Skills Confidence Inventory twice in three weeks; 218 took it once. Test-retest reliability and content validity were supported by the results. Confirmatory factor analyses suggested the inventory's fit with Holland's six-factor structure. (SK)

A survey of 1,299 blue- and white-collar workers in 10 Korean conglomerates was compared with surveys of Japanese and U.S. workers. A discrepancy emerged between Korean workers' expectations and perceptions of their situations. They were more satisfied with work but less proud of their jobs and companies than U.S. and Japanese workers. (SK)

Far too often, school boards and superintendent candidates are constrained by flaws in traditional search strategies. The best matches occur when school boards proactively recruit a targeted group of "best-fit" candidates, assure applicant confidentiality, ban inappropriate community and staff participation, outlaw candidate pools limited by…

Examined the influence of beliefs and expectations on the first-year implementation of posttenure review in one state system. Findings indicate that beliefs and expectations concerning posttenure review's origins, purposes, and usefulness strongly influenced participants' experience of the process, as well as posttenure review's affect on…

Reports on a simple classroom exercise that investigates whether students' beliefs of what they think should happen influences their measurements. The exercise also provides a framework for discussing the challenges that human belief systems bring to the discipline of using the scientific process. Results suggest that students' preconceived…

Confirmatory factor analysis of data (from 446 young adults entering college) on the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire, and prospective drinking data from 428 participants, support the hierarchical structure of alcohol expectancies and indicate that common and unique variance together predict alcohol use. (SLD)

Describes some of the efforts colleges are taking to discourage disruptive behavior by students in the classroom. Many of these initiatives have been requested by students themselves. Most depend on setting clear expectations for student behavior. (SLD)

Employees in a British hospital (n=119) involved in downsizing and staff redeployment were surveyed. Traditions of employment security in the National Health Service and increasing uncertainty in the work environment provoked negative attitudes and reluctance to participate in retraining and redeployment. These attitudes were not associated with…

Addresses public speaking students' preconceptions as they begin their study and the misconceptions to which they ascribe. Finds that students often enter the basic course unaware of a management focus, shocked by the level of strategic decision making required of practitioners, and surprised by the amount of research knowledge and activity…