Results of the present investigation indicate that when there is no actual change in behavior, knowledge by observers of predicted results is unlikely to alter behavioral recordings. (Author)

This study using the Visual Expectation Paradigm explored ways in which predictability of stimulus location and time of appearance affect the formation of expectations in infants of 3 months. A total of 64 babies were randomly assigned to one of four groups that differed by predictability of stimulus location and time of stimulus appearance.…

An intrinsically motivated behavior is one undertaken and enjoyed for its own sake, apart from external controls or ends. Expectancies are competence cues which focus on an individual's ability without providing objective information for ongoing comparison and competence development. This study focused on the role of affect in mediating the…

This research attempted to develop a profile of women's moods across the menstrual cycle and to determine alcohol's effects upon those moods. The Profile of Mood States was used to measure mood in 96 female college students who were heavy drinkers. Subjects were randomly assigned to the cells of the balanced placebo design with equal numbers in…

Neither expectancy (VIE) theory nor goal setting alone are effective determinants of individual effort and task performance. To test the combined ability of VIE and goal setting to predict effort and performance, 44 real estate agents and their managers completed questionnaires. Quarterly income goals predicted managers' ratings of agents' effort,…

The present study used segmentation (the insertion of spaces after the second and fourth letters of six-letter strings) to assess the effect of a configurational change on matching times for words and nonwords under different expectancy conditions. (Editor)

Rotter's Index of generalized expectancies for the internal or external control of reinforcement has been shown to predict successfully a variety of behaviors. An important future use of this scale may be the examination of the predictive power of individual items rather than generalized expectancies. (EK)

The hypothesis was tested that the expectancy of the hypnotist is especially significant in determining the nature of the response of susceptible subjects. (Editor)

Authors were devoted to the interpretation and elaboration of George Kelly's psychology of personal constructs, which explained total human behavior in terms of the related contexts in which people expect events to occur. Kelly's theory and applications for education and psychotherapy were described. (Editor/RK)

The author notes that many in the schools, and in society at large, reach conclusions based on faulty perceptions of situations and roles. Some important suggestions are offered. (Editor)

Grammar and style contribute to a matrix that expresses the writer's thinking and the values of the academic community. Writers uphold the matrix while presenting their own ideas through a system of "deixis" (to refer to or point to things or ideas not actually present or stated). Nonlinguistic deixis coordinates expression and context…

A look at the accumulation of generalizations about evaluation of instructional television and what information can be expected from those evaluations currently being carried out. (HB)

Development consists of a series of stage-like restructurings of behavior, and continuities in exceptional behavior generally do not bridge these stages. However, when parents perceive their child as abnormal, their expectations may serve to maintain the child's abnormal behaviors across developmental stages. (JMB)

Some insights gained in a first principalship are shared in hopes they may prove helpful to other new or aspiring principals in understanding the requirements of the job. (Author/MLF)

One version, by Lockhart, Craik, and Jacoby, of a levels-of-processing model of memory asserts the importance of the role of expectancies about forthcoming information in determining the elaborateness of a memory trace. Confirmed expectancies result in less-elaborated memory traces; disconfirmed expectancies result in elaborate memory traces.…