Develops and tests an interventionist model (which posits that effective mediators assume active, highly participatory roles in the mediation process) using 91 mediated roommate disputes. Examines (1) the impact of disputants' expectations on the process of mediation; and (2) whether disputants' and mediators' perspectives were consistent…

A total of 45 3-month-olds were observed for stability in forming visual expectations. Findings indicate that infant performance in the Visual Expectation Paradigm is reliable as early as 3 months. Individual differences exist in infants' tendency to form visual expectations. (RH)

Male, middle-aged inpatient alcoholics (N=48) and 36 community controls completed neuropsychological tests. Before tests, subjects told how well they expected to do on test in relation to community members. Means for overall measures of expectancies and performance were significantly lower for alcoholics than for controls. Expectancies, although…

Infants: (1) demonstrated memory for four events and the robustness of memory after a one week delay; (2) showed ability to anticipate upcoming events during training; (3) increased anticipatory behaviors during later training trials; and (4) appeared to form expectancies of future events during periods of stimulus onset and offset. (RH)

Examined unrealistic expectations of college graduates regarding their first jobs. Data from 253 college graduates working at their first job after graduation revealed that subjects' initial expectations for their first jobs were not met by work realities. Those graduates whose career-role expectations were not met by their first jobs were likely…

Examines the role of trust in health care settings--among professionals and between patients and nurses. Discusses nurses' role in achieving trust relationships. (SK)

Self-efficacy expectation to perform in both male- and female-dominated occupations and salience in work and home roles were assessed in 64 female and 49 male undergraduates. Self-efficacy in traditionally male occupations predicted commitment to work role for women but not for men. Women expected to participate in more home-related activities.…

Conducted two studies examining comparison of performance expectancies given by women for themselves and for hypothetical other woman. Findings from 45 female undergraduates and from 84 male and female undergraduates revealed that not only did female undergraduates state lower performance expectancies than did males but women predicted average…

Assessed effects of violated parenting expectations on adjustment to parenthood among 473 married women. Interviewed women during final trimester of first pregnancy and at one-year postbirth. Found women expected things to be better at one year than they actually were. Discrepancies significantly affected ease of adjustment to motherhood.…

Evaluated treatment effects in single session process using problem-focused approach and solution-focused approach. Findings indicated significant difference between two approaches when dealing with client's perceived problem improvement, outcome expectancy, session depth, session smoothness, and session positivity. Found no significant…

The low status of nursing is traced from the days of Florence Nightingale, and concepts of role socialization are applied to nurses. A highly automated, democratized workplace is envisioned that will change socialization practices. (SK)

Asserts that therapists perceived as having strong spiritual orientation face challenges, especially when one spouse views him/herself as "spiritually one-up" and wants therapist to form spiritually based coalition against other. Describes dilemmas that therapists may face when clients perceive them as having spiritual expertise and presents…

Compared influence of expectations of young adults and their parents on leaving home. Used data from High School and Beyond surveys to model odds of leaving home to establish new home while unmarried or in context of marriage. Both generations' expectations strongly influenced later residential behavior, with parental expectations having more…

Comparison of young adults' occupational aspirations during the first seven years after high school with occupations held at age 30 showed that, no matter when expectations were measured, fewer than half achieved their aspirations. Among those who do not, men tend to move to higher occupations/positions, whereas women move down or leave the labor…

The Pygmalion effect--or self-fulfilling prophecies--has not been supported in educational research but it has in training and workplace-learning studies. Implications for workplace-learning design, trainee self-esteem, and trainer behaviors can be derived from these research findings. (SK)