The study was to determine when the patterns of causal evidence proposed by Orvis, Cunningham and Kelly (1975) begin to function as schemata in the attributional process. One hundred forty-four subjects took part in the study. (RH)

In a group of 179 American boys and girls 7, 9, and 11 years of age, investigates expectancy for success and actual performance on a tossing task labeled by children as being sex-neutral. Results indicate significant grade and sex differences on expectancy for success and actual performance. (Author/RH)

Considers the impact that social changes in the 1970s had on black men. Discusses young blacks' school experiences and role models; military experience; the labor market and affirmative action; and the masculine mystique that affects the expectations of black men. (MK)

The child rearing expectations of 101 Australian parents of intellectually handicapped children were assessed, using the Parent as a Teacher Inventory. (Author)

The death implosion produced a decrease in insomnia beyond the strong expectancy effects that resulted from all experimental treatments. The failure to observe changes in reported fear of death was attributed to subjects' anxiety-based reluctance to acknowledge openly such fear. (Author)

The premarital contract is an effective tool in premarital counseling. This contract is a written or verbal agreement that makes more explicit one's attitudes and expectations about aspects that will influence the marital relationship. Topics include division of labor, employment, financial responsibility, and religious beliefs and practices.…

Examines influences on individuals' affectionate behaviors and their expectations for appropriate affectionate behavior, within the context of close platonic friendships. Finds support for predictions that, with constant levels of relational closeness, biological sex composition of the dyad will influence actual affectionate behavior, perceived…

Analysis of 361 campus recruitment interviews found that recruiter behavior did not affect applicant attraction to firms directly but influenced perceptions of job and organizational characteristics. Organizational reputation had a negative effect on attraction, possibly because applicant expectations were not confirmed by the interview. (SK)

Discusses the gap between academic research and practice in public administration and argues that it can be traced to conflicts such as theoretical vs. pragmatic knowledge, data-supported vs. logic-driven information, scientific method vs. case studies, academic vs. practitioner journals, and tenure vs. organizational effectiveness. Explores…

Interviews with 30 German managers on assignment in the United States and 15 German human resource specialists showed how work myths reflect cultural differences. Conformity, stability, hierarchy, rapport, and scientific-technical skills were valued in the ideologies and career structures of German managers. (SK)

Notes a link between sexual resistance and the violation of the resisted partner's expectations. Examines the resisted individual's perception of sexual resistance message directness and relational context in terms of violation valence, violation importance, and violation expectedness among a group of undergraduate students. Indicates that…

Measures of career self-efficacy and work activity self-efficacy were completed by 405 male and 346 female Singaporean university students. Men had significantly higher self-efficacy in realistic and enterprising occupations, women in artistic, investigative, and social occupations. Gender differences in career self-efficacy were predicted by…

To test the optimal incompetence hypothesis (high self-efficacy lowers task interest), 30 subjects rated interest, perceived difficulty, and confidence of success in different tasks. In study 2, 33 subjects completed a dart-game task in easy, moderate, and difficult conditions. In both, interest was a quadratic function of self-efficacy,…

Colleges and universities should help prepare an able, intelligent, motivated workforce, provide problem-solving services to business, and provide opportunities for individuals to better themselves. New conditions require that it also prepare for the global economy, advancing technology, an increasingly diverse population, and minority educational…

This 1989 American Association of Suicidology presidential address focuses on statistics of 3.6 male suicide completions for each female completion, exploring hypothesis that different socialization and the concomitant differential expectations of males and females are responsible for the increased likelihood of suicide among males. (NB)