Alcohol expectancies have been theorized to be related to bits of information stored in memory about the subjective effects of alcohol use. Techniques for investigating memory processes are therefore helpful to identify these informational bits and their relation to each other in ways that correlation-based techniques may obscure. In this study…

This study examined the conceptual variables that influence friendship as a function of developmental age. Teachers asked students to write an essay about what they expected in their best friends. An analysis of their responses indicated an age-related transition from egocentric to sociocentric and sociocentric to empathic expectations. (JMB)

This paper is an abbreviated phenomenology of understanding accompanied by some very general suggestions as to how pedagogy is related to a grasp of the essential features of understanding. (Editor)

Article contrasted the promise of the American Dream with the effects it has upon those who become disillusioned by its elusiveness. (RK)

This paper raises some important issues relating to school learning, and more specifically to purposeful learning. It discusses the idea that despite the emphasis on cognitive disequilibration, as a good motivator to gain students' attention, and therefore get them involved in the learning process, school learning, by and large, is based upon a…

The paper reports on results of a questionnaire completed by 166 parents of trainable mentally retarded students and compares results to those of a study performed 5 years earlier. Items focused on parental expectations for their adult child in employment, leisure activities, and living circumstances, and asked parents to indicate from among 15…

This study investigated: (1) whether infants can develop expectations for events that alternate along the vertical axis; and (2) whether infants who form expectations with one action set can transfer them to a different action set--that is, from vertical to horizontal eye movements. A total of 32 infants of 3 months of age saw one of two picture…

Expectations about counseling has been shown to be an important determinant of the effectiveness of counseling. The relationship between counseling expectations and interest in seeking counseling was explored in 450 incoming college students as part of their freshman orientation program. Subjects completed one of three versions of the Expectations…

Expectancy in stuttering was investigated with 10 young adult stutterers under conditions that approximate more closely than in previous work the circumstances and mode in which expectancy is purported to operate. (Author/GW)

This document reports the findings of the Inventory of Opinion and Expectation as administered to 1178 incoming freshmen at the State University of New York at Buffalo during the fall of 1971. It was found that the typical freshman at SUNY/B is a public high school graduate who found high school courses boring, repetitious and uninteresting, yet…

A point of view is presented concerning the psychological concept of subjective probability, both to study its relation to the corresponding mathematical and philosophical concepts and to provide a framework for the rigorous investigation of problems unique to psychology. In order to do this the empirical implications of axiom systems for…

Although the need for teacher induction programs is well established, the equally important task of supporting new administrators has been largely ignored. This article discusses a three-pronged induction model with large-group, small-group, and mentoring components designed to communicate district expectations to new administrators. Includes…

A model was developed to find out whether teachers can predict the success of their students on a specific test. Implications for curriculum development and changes in classroom instruction are discussed. (RB)

Ninety students were pretested and posttested in an accounting principles course to determine how expectations and perceptions of self-control affected their grade on an examination and how the grade changed their perceptions. Students who did poorer than anticipated on the test exhibited some expectancy shifts. (CH)

Confirms the hypothesis that young children can make relatively realistic judgements about future performance if their attention is directed to past performance information. Sixty four-year-olds predicted performance outcomes for themselves or for another child after a series of failures. Results depended on rewards and the salience of past…