A conceptual framework for instructional design is introduced which includes three major components: task analysis (involving dimensions such as objectives, skills, and subject matter structure), learner analysis (concerned with variables such as age, population, and group characteristics), and means analysis (involving the selection of…

This report reviews and synthesizes psychological and educational research on learning strategies. The report contains an overview of strategy modification; a review of factors influencing strategy selection and use (including intellectual aptitude, personality variables, cognitive style, reception preference, motivation, sex, and prior…

The study deals with the motivational characteristics which relate to divergent thinking and tests three hypotheses: no significant difference with regard to their fluency, flexibility, originality or combined divergent thinking scores exists between children with (1) high and low need for approval, (2) high and low anxiety, and (3) approval needs…

This is a report of the progress of Human Resources Research Office (HumRRO) activities associated with Project 100,000, the training of marginal personnel. Preliminary findings are described, including certain background information concerning Project personnel. Training factors, learning ability, literacy requirements, and on-the-job…

The Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) takes the position that the definition of educational technology should be a broad one, involving the use of a systematic approach to develop a broad range of learning resources to meet the needs of individual learners. In order to translate these three concepts into reality,…

This study was prompted by an interest in the outcomes of automobile workers as they changed from the role of workers to retirees some having participated in voluntary company sponsored preretirement education programs and other deciding not to participate. More specifically, an attempt was made to identify differences between participants and…

This study investigated the progressive development in movement and movement patterns of children ages 2-6. Data were collected over a 3-year period at six-month intervals, based on films of 57 children performing 25 motor tasks. The results are presented along two dimensions: (1) Descriptive analysis of progress of young children in movement with…

Subjective (perceived) personality differences between blacks and whites were investigated in eleven personality dimensions. Subjects were forty black male and forty white male students from the ninth to twelfth grades. Subjects were assigned to one of two racial conditions corresponding to the subjects' own race; subjects were then randomly…

The author reports research documenting the tendency for actors to attribute their own behavior to external causes while observers attributed the same behaviors to the internal disposition of the actor. Psychologists, like other observers of behavior, may have a bias toward attributing an actor's behavior to internal causes, and their inferences…

The differing conclusions of researchers investigating personality factors in drug users are briefly reviewed. This study, particularly, examines the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profiles of self-reported college drug users with the intent of understanding their personalities. The specific research question was: what are the…

The purpose of this paper is to outline some application of the Markov Process to the study of state and state changes. The essence of this mathematical concept consists of the analysis of sequences of infant responses in interaction with its environment. Categories can be defined which reflect the joint occurrence of an infant's behavior (or…

The specific purpose of the research discussed was to develop an instrument which would permit assessment of individual and developmental differences in the acquisition of abilities to understand and utilize emotional and psychological facets of interpersonal behavior. Emotional insight was assessed in 81 male and female children between the ages…

There are substantial differences in the interests of men and women, reflected by their answers to vocational interest inventories. These differences are not trivial; they persist even in samples of men and women selected for occupational equivalence. The content of the sex differences is diverse. Lumping these differences together into one…

A picture story about the preparation of a child for school is presented. Topics included are: the early years, the changing process, individual differences, preparing for learning, preparation for reading, learning with others, self-reliance, self-care, sharing, preparation for the future, reading readiness, and creativity. (CK)

The present study attempted to identify and describe individual differences in concept learning. It was hypothesized that if a significant portion of the reliable individual variation in a complex learning situation could be identified and described, it would be reasonable to expect that subsequent predictions could be made about the conditions…