Tested a prediction model of trainees' general expectations for the supervisory process. Practicum students (N=82) completed a self-efficacy inventory and indicated their outcome expectancies for supervision. In general, trainees expected supervisors to be significantly more trustworthy than expert, more expert than attractive, and more evaluative…

Compared the death attitudes of physicians (N=25) and nurses (N=31) who had daily contact with terminally ill patients. Results suggested that professional role rather than gender may account for attitude differences. Defensive styles used by doctors and nurses contributed to the attitude differential. (JAC)

Studied attitudes of eight hospital groups on several aspects of terminal care by means of a questionnaire. Responses of the groups, which included physicians, residents, nurses, aides, and orderlies, did not differ on general statements about terminal care. On more specific statements perception of personal involvement influenced responses.…

Results show individual differences in intelligence progressively stabilizing by school age, with each child following a distinct pattern of mental development. Monozygotic twins became increasingly concordant over an Hes and were closely matched on developmental trends. (Author/RH)

A referential communication task was used to compare the effects of linguistic structure on the encoding and decoding performances of 120 five- and seven-year-old children. Results suggested that differences in adjective ordering rules and stylistic variation affect encoding and decoding accuracy. (Author/MP)

Investigates whether temperamental differences mediated infants' responses to the early environment and explores the nature of the relationship between temperament and cognitive-intellectual development. Subjects, 100 six-month-old infants, were observed in their homes three times over a three-week period. Data suggest a greater reactivity to the…

Examined behaviors associated with high-point D scale scores on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory for employed males (N=1,829) who completed the test years apart. Ratings of being frequently nervous and a decreased percentage of time sleeping emerged as two stable variables that differed between high D and not high D scores.…

Children 10 to 14 years of age tried to identify and remember words presented visually with a backward mask. On different tasks, children recalled freely or serially, recognized by making a rapid forced-choice response, or simply named words as they were presented. Results were interpreted as identifying two sources of developmental and individual…

Summarizes findings from a study undertaken to investigate the relationships between child's language development and learning ability and suggests some implications of those findings for those concerned with the care and early education of children. (MP)

To examine individual differences among 20 elementary grade learning disabled poor readers in use of contextual cuing to aid word identification, words were presented in both connected text and in isolation. Group statistical analysis found a significant effect favoring context over isolation, although individual analysis favored isolation for…

Compared high-machiavellian and non-machiavellian college students in two studies. Results showed no differences between high- and non-machiavellian students for neuroses, psychoses, depression or adjustment. Further, non-machiavellians who received descriptions of high-machiavellians consistently produced valid representations of…

Proposed a conceptual distinction between two types of experienced power and examined its relevance to participation in power-relaxed activities. After two college football games, spectators chose an image-of-power position after a hometeam defeat, and an actual-power position after a hometeam victory. Experiences of vicarious success or failure…

Investigated the relationship between public and private self-consciousness and social and personal aspects of identity. Public self-consciousness correlated more strongly with social than with personal aspects of identity, and private self-consciousness correlated more strongly with personal than with social aspects. Discusses implications for…

Reviewed alcohol-related activities by prime-time television characters over a five-year period. Analysis showed alcohol was the preferred beverage used by characters, especially in recent years. All kinds of characters were seen drinking except youth. However, consequences of alcohol abuse and response of others were not always shown. (Author/JAC)

Results supported the hypothesis that first graders whose self-verbalizations contained an instrument rationale (e.g., "If I wait, I'll get another cookie") would delay gratification longer than those whose self-verbalizations contained a moralistic rationale (e.g., "It is good to wait"). (MP)