We set out to investigate whether interindividual differences in cognition affect the susceptibility to four forecasting biases: (a) optimism bias, (b) adding noise to forecasts, (c) presuming positive autocorrelation when series are independent, and (d) trend damping. All four biases were prevalent in the results, but we found no consistent…

Phonological difficulties characterize children with developmental dyslexia across languages, but whether impaired auditory processing underlies these phonological difficulties is debated. Here the causal question is addressed by exploring whether individual differences in sensory processing predict the development of phonological awareness in 86…

Students find cardiovascular physiology challenging. Misunderstandings can be due to the nature of the subject, the way it is taught, and prior knowledge, which impede learning of new concepts. Some misunderstood concepts can be corrected with teaching (i.e., preconceptions), whereas others are resistant to instruction (i.e., misconceptions). A…

Background: Feelings of satisfaction fluctuate across time and situations, and focusing on within-person experiences opens up the door to a better understanding of the daily lives of university students. Aims: Our overarching goal was to situate academic satisfaction not only as a relatively enduring characteristic but also as a transient state…

Over the past 50 years, a large body of work has demonstrated that during childhood and adolescence peers are strong socialization agents influencing youth development across a wide array of behavioral domains. In this report, we highlight how this long-standing research focus on peer influence may benefit from undertaking new directions that have…

The current study provides a methodological review of studies supporting a general factor of intelligence as the primary model for contemporary measures of cognitive abilities. A further evaluation is provided by an empirical evaluation that compares statistical estimates using different approaches in a large sample of children (ages 9-13 years, N…

Children learn to perform actions on artifacts in their environments from infancy, but the ways caregivers support this learning during everyday interactions are relatively unexplored. This study investigated how naturalistic caregiver-child teaching interactions promoted conventional action learning in toddlers. Caregivers of 32 24- to…

The present study examined the contribution of individual differences in ordinary class attendance, self-efficacy, and decision-making styles to expected or actual performance in a course devoted to research report writing. Due to the COVID-19 epidemic, the course, which was judged by past and current students as challenging, had to be delivered…

This ex post facto comparative, non-experimental study investigated the demographics and characteristics of female secondary school administrative leaders (N = 1,070) to determine if the community types, individual characteristics, school leader characteristics, and school characteristics varied by regions and divisions in the United States. To…

This article explores the relation between curiosity and interest by examining how in-the-moment experiences of curiosity and of interest emerge out of exploratory behavior observed in infancy and early childhood. As experiential states, there is little to distinguish curiosity and interest. Descriptions of developing interests that refer to…

While English medium instruction (EMI) programs proliferate around the globe, research on students' motivation and engagement (ME) in EMI remains underrepresented. Informed by a multidimensional conceptualization of ME as interconnected, this study employed an adapted Motivation and Engagement Scale to examine university students' ME in EMI…

Educational aspirations are key predictors of academic and career success, career choices, and social mobility. While much research has explored factors shaping these aspirations, less is known about how they evolve over time. This study examines the trajectories of educational aspirations among 789 Chinese adolescents aged 11 to 15, using data…

The systematic literature review is based on a critical need in the area of values, where there are many uncertainties around universal definitions and drivers of values and traits. The study evaluated definitions, categories, drivers and the interdependence between values and personality traits and behaviours. Over 5,873 studies over a 70-year…

This study calls for a broadening of the perspective on academic success. While passing exams is an essential objective of higher education, it should not overshadow another important objective which is the development of students' skills, such as becoming curious, autonomous and reflective in the learning process. This study used Academic…

This study used a person-centered approach to explore mental health status and profiles among a sample of 2262 university students and how these profiles differ in sociodemographic, academic, and lifestyle traits. Results revealed that around half of participants reported high well-being and life satisfaction, while over a third exhibited positive…