Examined relations between reactivity (peak response) and regulation (response dampening) in 6-month-olds' cortisol and behavioral responses to inoculation. Found that reactivity and regulation were unrelated for both cortisol and behavior, suggesting both measures are needed to characterize more accurately infant response to stress. Found…

This study evaluated the intent attributions and feelings of emotional distress of relationally and physically aggressive children in response to instrumental and relational provocation contexts. Findings indicated that physically aggressive children exhibited hostile attributional biases and reported relatively greater distress for instrumental…

Outlines a sociocultural perspective on the study of moral development grounded in Vygotskian theory, highlighting semiotic mediation of moral functioning via inner speech as inner moral dialog, the social origins of moral functioning, and sociocultural "situatedness" of moral development. Suggests that this perspective addresses…

Examines personal preferences in the development of categorical folders for bookmarks in terms of both the choice and definition of folder domain and the overall structure of the folder system. Considers contextual factors, such as intended use and relevancy to current projects; and navigational preferences. (Author/LRW)

Studied the effects of a university educational reform project on students' learning and individual differences in students' responses to similar instructional measures. In 2 studies, involving 77 students and 84 in the final experimental group samples (original samples and control groups were somewhat larger), the reforms mainly failed to…

Examined parenting self-efficacy as a potential mediator of effect of competence-promoting and inhibiting parenting on toddlers' scores on mental scale of the Bayley Scales. Found that effect of competence-inhibiting composite (forceful redirection of child's attention, ignoring and reinforcing misbehavior, potentially distracting self- conscious…

Recent findings suggest chemical dependency practitioners include increasing numbers of graduate degree and non-recovering professionals, resulting in diverse theoretical orientations and treatment practices. This exploratory study assessed differences among groups of practitioners (case managers, clinicians, clinical supervisors, program…

Discusses the use of hypermedia to accommodate students' individual learning differences and to help students develop complex learning skills to acquire complex knowledge. Examines 10 research studies that investigated interaction between students' learning skills and their use of different forms of instruction. (Author/LRW)

Reviews empirical research concerning loneliness among college students to sensitize family life specialists to the importance of loneliness within this age group. Presents a profile of the lonely college student from research findings which relate loneliness to personal attributes, interpersonal behaviors, and social network conditions. Discusses…

After informally studying his first grade class, a teacher tentatively concluded that some students are phonetic learners and some are not. A faster method of identifying phonetic and nonphonetic learners is needed. No study that fails to consider differences in learning styles can possibly yield valid results except by chance. (MLH)

Examines adoption issues including family member loss, infertility, transracial adoptions, special-needs adoptions, older child adoption, inherited traits, adoptive family, biological parents, and open adoption. Suggests specific therapeutic interventions including redefinition, use of paradox, family therapy approaches, group therapy, and…

Goal-related detection and processing of text were studied as functions of individual differences in reading ability for 43 fourth-grade students. The awareness that relevant information was present greatly improved the performance of more able readers; poor readers gained no advantage from a similar difference in awareness. (SLD)

Compared prospective participants in The Forum, large group awareness training program, with nonparticipant peers and with available normative samples on measures of well-being, negative life events, social support, and philosophical orientation. Prospective participants were significantly more distressed than peer and normative samples and had…

Brains are biological, but minds are cultural achievements. What really counts in schools is teaching children the excitement of exploring ideas, helping youngsters formulate their own problems and resolution strategies, developing multiple literacy forms, imparting the importance of wonder, creating a sense of community, and recognizing each…

Reviews biological bases of twinning and descriptions of 10 research designs. Summarizes findings from a selected sampling of twin studies of learning disabilities, personality and temperament, attitudes, psychopathology, and social behavior. Discusses findings with special reference to the activities of mental health practitioners and counselors.…