Describes the use of the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire to identify personality correlates of competitiveness among debaters, novice debaters, and nondebaters. The study suggests that the differences in competitiveness are attributable to the type of person attracted to debate rather than to traits learned in debate. (JMF)

The importance of nutrition education for adolescents is emphasized. (JD)

This study was conducted to determine how individual differences in sex role orientation, as assessed by the Bem Sex Role Inventory, were related to subjects' display of a number of nonverbal behaviors indicative of "masculinity" and "femininity," respectively. Subjects were 72 college students. (Author/MP)

Problem-solving processes used by concrete- and formal-operational eighth-grade pupils were investigated through interviews. Formal-operational pupils used a larger variety of processes. Also, a larger variety of processes were used on more complex problems. (MP)

Adult subjects (N=10) were studied to determine whether inconsistent information about others produces more discrimination of people or leads to alternative ways of categorizing. Pretest-posttest indications indicated inconsistency produced more discrimination of others and alternative ways of categorizing others. (SBP)

In this study, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profiles of exposer (n=36), rapist (n=47), and assaulter (n=46) groups were investigated and compared. The most disturbed group, the rapists, had MMPI K-corrected mean raw scale scores that were significantly greater than those of the exposer group on many scales. (Author)

An attempt was made to validate for sentence type items a mathematical model for inventory response. Data were gathered from subjects responding under candid and under faking sets. In the former case only limited support for the model was found, but in the latter it seemed highly relevant. (Author/RC)

In a Virginia school grounded in Gardner's multiple-intelligences theory, K-12 students flock to the think tank, a hands-on discovery room, to explore their varied abilities. This well-equipped room synthesizes many ideas and theories, such as Socratic questioning and John Dewey's discovery-learning ideas. Because multiple ways of smartness are…

Discusses metacognitive and associative models of children's strategy discovery and use. Contends that models based on only one type of mechanism cannot entirely account for observed variability and constraint revealed by microgenetic studies of children's strategy change. Proposes a new model of children's strategy development in which…

A 1992-95 survey of over 1,000 Long Island, New York, students attending eight middle, junior, and high schools found that most peer harassment focused on verbal assaults. Although there was more harassment by boys, both sexes harassed their peers, mostly by name calling. The main targets were unattractive or unstylish girls, physically mature…

The Interactive Learning Model illustrates how we process information (cognition), perform learning tasks (conation), and develop a self when performing difficult learning tasks (affectation). Individuals approach learning tasks with varying degrees of sequence, precision, technical reasoning, and confluence. These ingredients are embedded in the…

Educational Testing Service completed a four-year study that analyzed results from over 400 different assessments and 1,500 data sets involving millions of students. By comparing statistic Ds (standard mean difference) across assessments, researchers found that gender differences among subject areas are smaller than one might expect but grow by…

Used a peer rating task and a corresponding teacher rating scale to investigate preschoolers' playmate preferences and perceptions of classmates with and without disabilities. Found that preschoolers with disabilities received lower sociometric ratings than their typically developing peers, but the reasons cited for selecting or rejecting disabled…

By capitalizing on students' strengths and interests, reading styles instruction can help most youngsters become proficient readers. It is natural for children to enjoy reading. They should be challenged with high-level reading materials. Every student has a special reading style that develops at different times and rates. Successful programs are…

Examined individual differences in the relations among preadolescents' sociomoral understanding and self-understanding and teacher and peer ratings of school behavior. Findings for 239 preadolescents are discussed in terms of curricular implications for inter- and intrapersonal understandings. (SLD)