Discusses the contributions of a proposed ecological model of career development to women's career counseling. Urges caution in assuming that the emphases of an ecological model apply to all women, and asserts that the concept of individual differences within the genders must remain paramount in career theory and counseling approaches. (Contains…

Offers reflections on the peer review process, the errors of some reviewers and editors, and recommendations to improve peer review that will increase the quality of science. Discusses issues of review process, the primacy of research results, and the responsibilities of editors. (SLD)

Describes Schools Attuned, a professional development program to help elementary and secondary school teachers understand, recognize, and manage student learning differences in the regular classroom. Includes how the program started in California, program costs, and comments about the program from teachers and administrators. (PKP)

Forty-three residents in internal medicine answered questionnaires about resolving conflicts with attending physicians concerning patient care. Conflicts were most likely to be resolved by negotiation but the nature of the procedure, medical school attended, and future career plans affect the means of resolving the dilemma chosen by the resident.…

Acton (Massachusetts) Public Schools' open enrollment experience shows that a system can develop a common curriculum while allowing individual schools and teachers considerable instructional latitude. Confronting open enrollment pitfalls such as intensified competition, pressures for curriculum standards, and enrollment dilemmas helped this…

Considers six questions relating to effects of parental depression on parent-child interaction and on children's psychological functions. (RH)

Three studies focused on: (1) the definition of structure in a specific domain of knowledge; and (2) the relationship between the ways in which knowledge is structured and the ways in which it is used. Evidence suggested that the knowledge of expert children is structured hierarchically into well-defined families and family-groups. (RH)

Longitudinal data provide an encouraging base for further investigation of early individual differences in attentiveness and possible early precursors of later attention deficits. In the study, full-term and preterm children were observed at 1, 2, and 3.5 years in free play and in more structured situations. (RH)

The doctrine of localized brain functions has strongly influenced many educators. Gerald Edelman's recent research challenges this doctrine by advancing categorization and recategorization as the brain's overriding activities. Instruction that focuses overmuch on similarities is misguided and confusing. Instead, classroom instruction should employ…

Examined relationship between sensation seeking and field independence using three indices of field independence and combining the data in an Overall Index. The three field independence instruments and the Sensation Seeking Scale were administered to 103 college students. Positive relationship between sensation seeking and field independence was…

Responses from 195 staff nurses indicated that impact of leader's behavior was neutralized among low self-monitoring nurses, but intensified among high self-monitors. Correlations between staff nurses' job performance and their ratings of head nurses' leadership behaviors were not significant for low self-monitoring nurses but were significant for…

Discusses the use of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) as an approach used to help supervisors understand individual differences in styles, how such differences might influence how others respond to them and how they view the actions of others. Analyzes preferences of 67 county extension directors and discusses MBTI use in extension programs.…

This study examined learning styles in 137 high ability fourth-grade students. All students were administered two learning styles inventories. Characteristics of students with the following learning styles are summarized: auditory language, visual language, auditory numerical, visual numerical, tactile concrete, individual learning, group…

Explores the question raised by the following article: What are the consequences, both cognitive and social, of engaging in a particular cultural practice?. States one consequence that has gained prominence: "intra-individual variability," the extent to which what is learned remains linked to the situation in which it is learned or come…

Tested 13-, 16-, and 20-month olds' and 24- and 28-month olds' categorization of global- and basic-level object sets composed of prototypical and nonprototypical exemplars. Findings offer new information on the effects of prototypicality and on the process of differentiation of early global categories into more specific basic-level ones. (DR)