This quasi-experimental study strives to ascertain whether the change from a public school traditional calendar to a modified or year-round calendar effects academic achievement in English and mathematics. The twelve public elementary schools, not U.S. Department of Defense schools, in the core of this research are identified only as serving…

In recent years, schools have become a focal point for general delinquency and gang prevention programs for a variety of reasons. One premise behind this approach is that schools can serve as ideal settings for providing delinquency and intervention services because youths spend so much time there. School-based gang prevention efforts are supposed…

This article reviews the literature on interventions targeting the academic performance of students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and does so within the context of the statistical significance testing controversy. Both the arguments for and against null hypothesis statistical significance tests are reviewed. Recent standards…

This study examined approximately 6,500 Florida students' reading and mathematics performance when taught by a sample of teachers who obtained their teaching credentials through the Troops to Teachers program. Results indicated that students served by Troops teachers performed about equally well in reading and achieved a small but statistically…

Criticism has been leveled against the use of statistical significance testing (SST) in many disciplines. However, the field of school psychology has been largely devoid of critiques of SST. Inspection of the primary journals in school psychology indicated numerous examples of SST with nonrandom samples and/or samples of convenience. In this…

Despite being under challenge for the past 50 years, null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) remains dominant in the scientific field for want of viable alternatives. NHST, along with its significance level "p," is inadequate for most of the uses to which it is put, a flaw that is of particular interest to educational practitioners…

In response to concerns about the efficacy of the U.S. education system, a number of school reforms have been attempted. This article briefly presents an argument explaining why the current public school system will not efficiently produce educational services and the role of charter schools in improving public school efficiency. It then examines…

The present evaluation case study investigates the self-concept of the students from 7th grade in regular primary school. The study results indicate that, in comparison to their hearing peers, integrated students with a hearing impairment have a lower academic and social self-concept, as well as a general self-concept but a higher physical…

Since there is no standard national Pre and Post Test for Principles of Finance, akin to the one for Economics, by authors created one by selecting questions from previously administered examinations. The Cronbach's Alpha of 0.851, exceeding the minimum of 0.70 for reliable pen and paper test, indicates that our Test can detect differences in…

Native-like pronunciation is necessary for membership into some social groups and to be considered a legitimate speaker of a language. Language immersion education aims to develop bilingual individuals, able to participate in multiple global communities, and while the lexical, syntactic, and sociolinguistic development of immersion learners is…

The education of under-prepared college students is a topic that interested and motivated this researcher to conduct a study on learning communities and measuring change in writing apprehension and locus of control of developmental students at a community college. Higher education is generally viewed as a place for the intellectually elite.…

Alpha-Max is a multiple comparison procedure that is based on the Bonferroni inequality. However, rather than using preset adjusted alpha values for each pairwise contrast, Alpha-Max bases the decisions on the actual p-values for the pairwise contrasts. After a significant omnibus F-test, the pairwise p-values are determined and ordered from…

The fail-safe N is typically a "what if" analysis applied to studies rather than to a single study. This statistical procedure provides information regarding the stability of a meta-analysis by demonstrating how many nil-null articles would be needed to change the statistically significant results to a statistically nonsignificant…

The recent American Psychological Association Task Force on Statistical Inference report suggested that confidence intervals should always be reported. Other researchers also agree that confidence intervals should be used as a supplement to statistical significance testing. The confidence interval is defined as a range of values constructed around…

Presents a review of fundamental concepts and applications used to address the Behrens-Fisher problem (W. Behrens, 1929 and R. Fisher, 1935), a problem in testing the difference between two population means, through fiducial, Bayesian, and frequentist approaches. (Contains 86 references.) (SLD)