Growing sophistication about computer use among students and faculty, ready availability of microcomputers, and rapid advances in technology and software have led to more computing in all courses. While computer literacy used to mean programing, it now means familiarity with the technology and its everyday applications. (MSE)

Potential hazards and dangers of using the token economy approach to behavior change with head injured individuals are identified and it is suggested that the injured person's active awareness of reinforcement contingencies may sometimes be deleterious. (DB)

Results of surveying 440 teachers indicated most teachers believed they had never had an abused or neglected child in class, that they would recognize signs of physical abuse but not sexual abuse, and that they knew their responsibilities under law (though few would report suspected cases if parents or principal objected). (DB)

The article reviews Intelligent Computer Assisted Instruction (ICAI), an area of artificial intelligence and notes its shortcomings for learning disabled students. It is suggested that emphasis on antecedent knowledge (important facts, concepts, rules, and/or strategies for the content area) and content analysis and design techniques would make…

Discusses public concern over geographic illiteracy among elementary and secondary students in the United States. Describes place identification, place content, spatial patterns and relations, and theory as the interrelated components of geographic learning. Asserts that, although universities must necessarily emphasize the latter two, elementary…

Involving second, fourth, sixth, eighth, and tenth graders and undergraduates, three experiments evaluated the prediction that representations of knowledge of the weeks and months of the year develop from a verbal-list stage to a stage at which image representations are present. Results are interpreted as supporting the two-stage model and appear…

Presents the design of a long-term project aimed at facilitating communication among social scientists in different countries by the production of a new kind of encyclopedia, called the INTERCOCTA Encyclopedia. The project does not attempt to standardize or legislate terminology. (JDH)

This paper reports on 30 years of data collected concerning the level of knowledge about Africa University of Minnesota junior- and senior-level students had. The data show the dominance of the Middle East in Western media and the level of confusion and lack of knowledge shown by most students. Concludes with recommendations concerning geography…

Written pre- and posttests were used to assess the smoking-related knowledge of 1,068 seventh graders in three comparable communities. Students in two communities participated in interventions designed to enhance knowledge acquisition, social activism, and non-use of tobacco. The interventions influenced respondents' health concerns, but not…

When two-, three-, four-, and five-year-olds were tested for knowledge of sex role stereotypes and preferences for sex-typed activities, boys' stereotype acquisition lagged behind preference development. Girls' data were ambiguous. Boys displayed equally strong tendencies to endorse same-sex activities; girls displayed a stronger tendency to…

Genital herpes virus infection can cause both psychological and medical consequences. A study surveyed knowledge and attitudes of college students to assess degree of familiarity with this disease. Findings suggest misconceptions that could be dealt with in health education programs. (Author/DF)

Investigated the efficacy of a test of vocational knowledge to assist in decision-making and career-planning for deaf and hard of hearing adults. Results indicated that the type of school attended by the client influenced vocational knowledge scores more than any other factor considered. (Author/ABB)

Compares typicality effects in recall between good and poor junior high readers to determine the influence of knowledge base upon memory. Results suggest that poor readers have a different knowledge base for familiar categories than good readers and that cognitive differences between them are related to differences in their semantic memories.…

Decries college students' apparent ignorance of their own culture and civilization. Presents results of a test of 256 college students to assess their ability to recognize and/or identify 132 names, dates, people, and titles whose recognition implies awareness of an informational cluster. Finds 22 the average number correct. (AYC)

Findings suggest that knowledge of public policy (on water resources, for example) reflects personal motivation, with people differing in knowledgeability from one policy area to the other; and that lower socioeconomic status people can narrow the knowledge gap if they can be convinced of their individual stake in particular issues. (PD)