This article presents two alternative methods to null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) for improving inferences from underpowered research designs. Post hoc design analysis (PHDA) assesses whether an NHST analysis generating null findings might otherwise have had sufficient power to detect effects of plausible magnitudes. Bayesian analysis…

Many approaches have been proposed to jointly analyze item responses and response times to understand behavioral differences between normally and aberrantly behaved test-takers. Biometric information, such as data from eye trackers, can be used to better identify these deviant testing behaviors in addition to more conventional data types. Given…

S-X[superscript 2] is a popular item fit index that is available in commercial software packages such as "flex"MIRT. However, no research has systematically examined the performance of S-X[superscript 2] for detecting item misfit within the context of the multidimensional graded response model (MGRM). The primary goal of this study was…

Standard item response theory (IRT) models have been extended with testlet effects to account for the nesting of items; these are well known as (Bayesian) testlet models or random effect models for testlets. The testlet modeling framework has several disadvantages. A sufficient number of testlet items are needed to estimate testlet effects, and a…

Developmental research, like many fields, is plagued by low sample sizes and inconclusive findings. The problem is amplified by the difficulties associated with recruiting infant participants for research as well as the increased variability in infant responses. With sequential testing designs providing a viable alternative to paradigms facing…

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationships between the flow states and undergraduate attitudes' towards math and engagement in a mathematics course in an education faculty. The results showed that the more positive attitudes the students had towards mathematics courses, the more flow they experienced and the less anxiety they had in…

Competence in statistics is a fundamental component of a biological scientist's toolbox. However, anxiety often affects undergraduate students' development of this competence and research has shown that perceived self-efficacy for statistics is correlated to academic performance. Self-efficacy may be promoted by reducing anxiety, and also allowing…

The present study aims to investigate the relationship between university students' school climate and their motivation levels. In this study, whether the school climate and motivation levels differ according to gender and year of study also been examined. The "School Climate Scale for University Students" and "Adult Motivation…

This research aimed to construct a statistical creative model in solving the problem of descriptive statistics. This type of research is a mixed methods research with a sequential mixed methods model using Exploratory sequential design. A descriptive qualitative method is used to build statistical creative models. Meanwhile, a quantitative method…

Understanding factors within college learning environments that can ameliorate maladaptive academic behaviours such as procrastination could contribute to enhancing college students' success and persistence. Thus, the aims of the current study were to investigate: (a) the degree to which facets of the college classroom motivational environment…

In 2018, Nielsen and Kreiner provided evidence that the Attitudes and Relationship to Statistics--Revised (HFS-R) questionnaire provides essentially valid, objective, and reliable measurement of three statistical anxiety constructs and one statistical attitude construct among students of sociology and public health. The purpose of the study…

Student's attitudes towards Statistics are pivotal to their learning process as positive attitudes lead to highly satisfactory course achievement and lead to positive outcomes outside class as well. In this paper we are exploring the perception of students of management apropos Statistics, familiarity with which is imperative in today's world of…

Background: The MAKASI intervention aimed to empower sub-Saharan immigrants living in the Paris metropolitan area regarding sexual health and reduce their HIV exposure. The intervention was developed based upon a theoretical model of individual empowerment. Purpose: A scale was developed using sixteen 4-point Likert items adapted from existing…

The chemistry teacher pipeline has experienced considerable loss of teachers due to turnover. High turnover rates create localized staffing problems and a revolving door of novice teachers, particularly in the sciences and in urban and rural locales, which impacts student learning and achievement. This non-experimental longitudinal study examined…

The objectives of this study were to examine (1) the expectation for performance (EFP) in statistics of first year university students, (2) the relative effect of previous mathematics performance (PMP), perceived statistical self-efficacy (SSE), and statistics anxiety (SA) for understanding these expectations, and (3) whether students' EFP scores…