Investigated how urban elderly spend their days. Obtained detailed time budgets for one full day from 535 persons with differing levels of independence in contrasting environmental settings. Consistent patterns appeared across groups, particularly in the amount of time spent in the various social contexts and in most discretionary activities.…

Study conducted to determine whether Black English speakers are likely to encounter problems in reading standard English. Results indicate no relationship between the use of Black English and subjects' grade level or reading performance. (Author/JLF)

Presented are two activities for helping students to form positive peer relationships of respect and cooperation. In one, students role-play a meeting of people from different cultures, who have different interpersonal styles. In the other, children chart their good and bad days and learn to share these feelings. (SJL)

Preferences of Melbourne, Australia, students for twentieth-century paintings were examined. The identified dimensions of preference (represention, color, complexity) were similar to those found in previous studies. Age and sex differences were found only for color and complexity. Preference for representational, over nonrepresentational,…

The individual and contextual effects of schools on the educational aspirations of a national sample of older adolescents is explored. When the factors of student ethnicity, family background, and academic achievement were held constant, a measure of classroom morale was positively associated with educational aspiration. (Authors/JN)

Analysis of the use made by 93 British primary school teachers of the word 'commitment' revealed that they were using it in four different senses--as caring, a concern for occupational competence, personal identification as teacher, and career-continuance. All suggest different motives for entering and remaining in teaching. (Author)

Unlike traditional students, most nontraditional students lack a history of active contact with institutions of higher education. Recruiting programs directed at the non-traditional student need to be highly individualized. A marketing survey approach can be used to custom-design special course offerings. (Author)

Individualized instruction is defined and the distinctive elements common to the various modes of individualized instruction are presented. (CS)

The author argues that many children labeled as learning disabled are merely exhibiting the range of individual differences statistically expected for various school related abilities. She encourages the individualization of instruction in the regular class to allow individual rates of progress and to avoid the learning disability label. (DB)

Argues that a well-articulated theory of instruction provides a guide for the evaluation of computer-assisted instructional systems by helping to define the criteria. Individual differences, responsive environment, criterion-referenced education, and cognitive psychology are discussed in reference to adaptive education. Thirteen references are…

Two experiments were conducted in order to determine whether there are differences between well and malnourished infants in the extent to which they prefer novel stimuli. (MP)

Reports three studies concerning individual differences in children's use of consonants during early phonological development. The findings indicate that these differences fall within a predictable range, that the linguistic environment cannot account for several of them, and that they are partly due to variations in the choice of lexical items.…

Results suggest that some people ascribe traits more often and indicate "depends on the situation" less often than do others. Personality correlates of this tendency indicate that it is associated with poor psychological adjustment and an extreme response style. (Author)

Subjects categorized as either players who displayed make-believe in natural free-play situations or nonplayers whose behavioral repertoires did not include make-believe, were exposed to either a free-play, an imitation or a problem-solving condition and given an alternate-uses test. Free-play enhanced associative fluency among players who engaged…

By reviewing studies relating memory to verbal comprehension and describing a sentence verification task study, the author examines the relationship, in normal subjects, between information processing capacities and intelligence. He proposes three sources of individual differences in information processing: basic functions, choice of problem…