Fluency is a central tenet of productive reading and shares a complex relationship with other reading processes such as reading comprehension, vocabulary, language, and executive functioning. Supporting fluency for upper elementary readers entails unique considerations. In this article, the authors detail how the authors designed an adolescent…

Academic Delay of Gratification (ADOG) is essential for academic success, but its effectiveness among neurodivergent students compared to neurotypical peers remains underexplored. This study examined 82 first-year psychology students in the UK, comparing 41 individuals who self-identified as neurodivergent, with 41 neurotypical peers, matched by…

Author and educator Sarah Kesty offers educators practical tools to teach executive function skills--such as planning, time management, and organization--through classroom strategies, structured lessons, and academic coaching. By integrating these skills into daily routines, teachers can reduce classroom frustration while empowering students to…

Brain connectivity of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is heterogenous, as are the behavioral manifestations. The current study investigated brain-behavior relationships in the context of social skills and executive function profiles with data from the Autism Brain Imaging Database Exchange II. We calculated connectivity measures…

A growing number of researchers have begun to highlight the potential negative effects of the excessive use of social media on college students. In particular, college students engage in social media multitasking, in which they perform multiple tasks simultaneously. Such action could adversely influence their academic performance. Hence, on the…

This study aims to bridge a gap between Vygotsky's seminal framework on the importance of make-believe play and adult scaffolding in children's cognitive development (e.g. executive function [EFs]) and research in cognitive neuroscience. Kindergarten children (N = 160) and teachers (N = 12) took part in the study. EFs skills and make-believe play…

Low mathematics achievement in the United States has led to the recent advances in the development and evaluation of Tier 2 mathematics interventions designed to close gaps in mathematics that exist at school entry and prevent these gaps from widening. Because Tier 2 mathematics interventions are generally effective for improving mathematics…

This review paper aims to define the involvement of Executive Functions (EF) in reading fluency in typically developing children and those with reading difficulties (RD)/dyslexia using neuroimaging and cognitive measurements. The data presented in this review demonstrate how training reading fluency with EF principles improved reading fluency and…

Previous research has found mixed results for a link between executive function and perspective-taking. One proposed reason for this is that perspective-taking during comprehension tasks may not be internally reliable. This dissertation presents two large individual differences experiments with multiple perspective-taking during comprehension and…

Higher education is a predictor of employment for individuals who have an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and an increasing number of students with ASD are enrolling in college. However, deficits in executive functioning (EF) make academic success difficult. This systematic review of literature identified ten research studies examining the effects…

Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation used for improving cognitive functions via delivering weak electrical stimulation with a certain frequency. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of tACS protocols on cognitive functions in healthy young adults. We identified 56…

Much research has found disrupted executive functioning (EF) in deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children; while some theories emphasize the role of auditory deprivation, others posit delayed language experience as the primary cause. This study investigated the role of language and auditory experience in parent-reported EF for 123 preschool-aged…

This study examined adults' frequent, efficient and adaptive use of direct subtraction (DS) and subtraction by addition (SBA) in mental multi-digit subtraction with the choice/no-choice method. Participants were offered subtractions in one choice condition (choice between DS and SBA) and two no-choice conditions (mandatory use of either DS or…

Identifying factors that contribute to spatial thinking is of great interest given links between spatial thinking and success in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) disciplines. Working memory has been found to be predictive of spatial thinking but little research has explored other components of executive function (i.e.,…

Integrating behavioral and neurophysiological measures has created new and advanced ways to understand the development of self-regulation. Electroencephalography (EEG) has been used to examine how self-regulatory processes are related to frontal alpha power during infancy and early childhood. However, findings across previous studies have been…