Presents a model of vocational theory which considers the problems generated by normative theories, using a cognitive model of behavior and incorporating life-style parameters. Outlines research implications of the model. (WAS)

This article explores linkages between stress and effective job performance: while too much stress can lead to burnout, too little stressful stimulation can result in boredom. Generating the proper amount of stress for optimal job performance is discussed. (PP)

Four features of early adolescent friendship have received the greatest attention in the literature: intimacy of conversations, friends' responsiveness to each other's needs and desires, the degree of similarity or complementarity between friends, and the stability of friendships over time. Each of these features and its potential effect on the…

The theoretical and practical implications of viewing difficult temperament as a characteristic of the individual rather than as a social perception are discussed, with an emphasis on an interactionist view of developmental process. (Author/MP)

Tests the traditional two-part hypothesis that partisan predispositions motivate a person to be selectively exposed to political campaign communications, which in turn serve to reinforce those original predispositions. Draws inferences about differences in these processes that exist between adolescents and their parents. (PD)

Measured problem drinking of college students (N=613) by statistical analysis of reported drinking behavior, psychological involvement and consequences of alcohol use. Results showed alcohol problem scores for 72 percent of students questioned, higher scores for males than females, and no differences as a function of age or class standing.…

Using a computerized content analysis, the authors demonstrate changes in speech behaviors of prison inmates. They conclude that two to four hours of public speaking training can have only limited effect on students who live in a culture in which "prison speech" is the expected and rewarded form of behavior. (PD)

Suggests that intrapersonal and interpersonal conflicts are influential in marital relationships. Results indicate happy couples had predispositions for productively managing conflict; clinical couples had higher aggressiveness predispositions. Happy couples also had more loyalty to their communities, more energy for tasks, and more positive…

Tested three hypotheses focusing on the role of religion in the personal adjustment of older age cohorts. Examined life satisfaction as it relates to age, physical disabilities, and church attendance. Results of interviews with 1,170 older adults suggested physical disabilities may explain decline in church attendance with age. (RC)

Studied 15 adolescent runaways in an inpatient long-term treatment setting. Results showed that more runaways were male, and most were away only a short time. In many cases, behavior improvement resulted. Impulsive behavior and anxiety were related to the short time and distance of elopement. (Author/JAC)

Considers whether categories of parent behavior (i.e., egalitarian warmth, authoritarian hostility, autonomy, and intrusive over-involvement) consistently appear as polar opposites in a two-dimensional structure, investigating whether these categories transcend methodological differences, cultural boundaries, and the passage of time. The relevance…

Determined the role of the California Psychological Inventory (CPI) in prediction of parental coping with leukemia. None of the standard CPI subscales was a significant predictor of coping. Coping with the specific situation may be a better predictor of later coping with a similar situation than more global assessments. (Author)

Rated community mental health clinic clients after the initial session. Therapist ratings of client behavior were related significantly to subsequent attendance. Early dropouts were characterized by youth and a lower education level. They were less likely to be employed and more likely to have diagnosed personality disorders. (Author/JAC)

Graduate counseling students and undergraduate students evaluated content-filtered stimulus tapes of counseling sessions with male and female counselors. Counselors with low amounts of talking were evaluated most favorably on a liking dimension, and counselors with high amounts of talking were evaluated most strongly on a domineering dimension.…

Asked 61 male clinical psychologists (21 Blacks and 40 Whites) to assess case histories presented to determine whether racial or social class biases could be detected. Diagnosis, disposition, and rated severity were studied. Diagnosis was guided by case characteristics, not bias. Severity was related strongly to diagnosis. (Author)