Explores the utility of Bandura's self-efficacy theory for studying older adults' behavioral competencies in college. Expectations of personal efficacy are viewed as mediating mechanisms for predicting the initiation and persistence of educationally relevant behaviors. Theoretical issues related to the assessment of self-efficacy and performance…

Surveyed 741 college students to examine the incidence of polydrug use. Results indicated 65 percent of the males and 30 percent of the females reported drinking four or more drinks at a sitting. Widespread use of drugs in combination with alcohol was found. (JAC)

Develops a detailed profile of dysfunction and disablement in the open family system: its intrinsic defects, response to crisis, and likely process of breakdown when overstressed. Suggests that somatic symptoms of stress in children may grow out of accelerated independence combined with parental overinvolvement. (JAC)

Demonstrates that there are important conceptual distinctions among the constructs of reticence, shyness, communication apprehension, and unwillingness to communicate. Argues that the failure to recognize the distinctions impedes research and precludes improved methods of identifying the problems and improving treatment. (PD)

The concept of subject-matter directed motivation, measured by means of questionnaires, proves useful for evaluation, though it covers and emphasizes only one aspect of those modes of behavior which are regarded as motivated. (Author/DEP)

Personality characteristics of husbands and wives were examined in two contexts: (1) traditional families, in which the husband was employed and the wife was a homemaker; and (2) two-career families, in which both members were employed. Results are discussed. (Author)

An analysis of the helping process suggests two important components of behaving competently. In the present research, snake phobics provided help to confederates whom they believed to be similarly phobic. Modeling produces more subjective improvement than the expectancy manipulation. (Author)

Reported is a significant correlation between book carrying behavior and sex stereotype which appear to be a consequence of social modeling. Second grade and older males typically carry books at their sides while females carry books against their chests. Kindergarten and first grade students typically carry books by their sides. (SL)

Several hypotheses concerning the effectiveness of teacher modeling are raised. (MM)

The scope of this article is a review and brief discussion of recently gathered information on androgens and sexual behavior in men. Current pharmacological research does not furnish specific evidence that administration of androgens or preprations that stimulate the secretion of endogenous androgens have beneficial effects on functional…

This research, based on approximately 650 college student questionnaires, suggests that it is difficult for youth to think of their parents as sexual beings. Students' estimates of their parents' sexual behavior disagreed significantly with research data on the sexual behavior of parent-age populations. (Author)

The effectiveness of negative practice and self-control procedures were evaluated in isolation and in combination in the reduction of smoking behavior. Female smokers (N=50) were assigned to either of three treatment programs. Data provided evidence for the superiority of the combined treatment package. (Author)

Relationships of sex role attitudes and fear of success with college women's grade point average, academic major, and future career and marriage plans are examined. Sex role attitudes were related to major, career and marriage plans. Fear of success was not related to grade point average, major, career or marriage plans. (Author)

Three major factors influence actions of abused wives: (1) the less severe the violence, the longer a wife remains; (2) the more a wife was struck as a child by her parents, the more likely she is to remain; and (3) the fewer resources a wife has the more likely she is to stay. (Author)

Draws a comparison between the Australian belief that the aboriginal practice of walkabout is inherited and the American belief that educational failures are due to family problems, low I.Q. and poverty. (AM)